Randomized prospective comparison of needle colposuspension versus endopelvic fascia plication for potential stress incontinence prophylaxis in women undergoing vaginal reconstruction for stage III or IV pelvic organ prolapse. The Continence Program for Women Research Group. Comparison of Burch and lyodura sling procedures for repair of unsuccessful incontinence surgery. A prospective randomized study comparing modified Burch retropubic urethropexy and suburethral sling for treatment of genuine stress incontinence with low-pressure urethra. Randomized comparison of the suprapubic arc sling procedure vs tension-free vaginal taping for stress incontinent women. Functional results after the suburethral sling procedure for urinary stress incontinence: a prospective randomized multicentre study comparing the retropubic and transobturator routes. Autologous fascial sling vs polypropylene tape at short-term followup: a prospective randomized study. Comparative results of two techniques to treat stress urinary incontinence: synthetic transobturator and aponeurotic slings. Comparative analysis of bladder neck suspension using Raz, Burch and transvaginal Burch procedures. A 3-year randomized prospective study. A trial comparing the Stamey bladder neck suspension procedure with colposuspension for the treatment of stress incontinence.
Severe prolapse may mask potential genuine stress urinary incontinence in women. Some have suggested that a suspending urethropexy be performed in women who have potential genuine stress incontinence demonstrated by barrier reduction of the prolapse preoperatively. Our aim was to compare outcomes after prolapse surgery that included a formal bladder neck suspension with those operations that did not.
                This prospective randomized clinical trial assigned 32 women with bladder neck hypermobility and stage III or IV pelvic organ prolapse to receive either a needle colposuspension or bladder neck endopelvic fascia plication as part of the vaginal reconstructive surgery. Twenty-nine subjects underwent detailed clinical, anatomic, urodynamic, and quality-of-life evaluations before and 6 weeks and 6 months after surgery; 23 completed urinary diary and quality-of-life evaluations after a mean of 2.9 years.
                Needle colposuspension increased short-term complications without providing additional protection from de novo stress incontinence. Barrier testing before surgery predicted urethral sphincteric resistance after surgery; however, such testing neither predicted a patient's function after surgery nor indicated the need for a suspending urethropexy. The combination of a needle colposuspension with a sacrospinous ligament suspension predisposed to the early development of support defects of the upper anterior vaginal segment and to failure of bladder neck support.
                Preoperative barrier testing in women with severe prolapse is not useful in identifying individuals who require a suspending urethropexy. Needle colposuspension increases short-term complications, lacks durability, and may predispose to early and severe recurrent anterior prolapse when performed with a sacrospinous ligament vault suspension. To assess the effectiveness and late postoperative morbidity of the Burch procedure and the sling procedure for the treatment of recurrent urinary stress incontinence after vaginal hysterectomy and anterior repair.
                Clinical, urodynamic, and sonographic examinations were done on 77 women suffering with recurrent urinary stress incontinence. The women were randomized to two groups, modified Burch colposuspension and lyophilized dura mater sling surgery; 72 women were reexamined 32-48 months after these procedures.
                The cure rate at 32-48 months' follow-up was 86% for the Burch procedure and 92% for the sling. Women who had had the sling procedure demonstrated a clear decrease in maximal bladder capacity, from 330 to 240 mL (P < .05). In both groups, stress profiles demonstrated a shift of maximal pressure point toward the proximal urethra and a significant improvement in pressure transmission (P < .05). The post-operative patients who had persistent incontinence were found to have insufficient elevation of the bladder neck (less than 10 mm). The uroflow examination showed an increase of urination time in both groups. The incidence of bladder problems was 10% with the Burch procedure and 29% with the sling procedure; however, 13% of the Burch group developed rectoceles.
                Both procedures offer a high rate of success. We believe that the sling surgery should be used only in certain special cases because of its higher rate of complications, but that posterior vaginal repair should be considered after modified Burch colposuspension because of the possibility of rectocele and enterocele. The aim of this study was to compare a modified Burch procedure with a suburethral sling for the treatment of stress incontinence complicated by a low-pressure urethra.
                Thirty-six women with stress incontinence, low-pressure urethra, and urethral hypermobility (straining cotton swab angle >/=30 degrees ) were randomly assigned to undergo either a modified Burch procedure (n = 19) or a suburethral sling (n = 17). Objective and subjective cure rates at 3 months after the operation were the primary outcome measures. Comparisons of group means were performed with the Student t test for independent groups, and proportions were compared with the Fisher exact test.
                After the operation the 2 groups had statistically similar cure rates and voiding function. Urethral closure pressure, pressure transmission ratios, and maximum detrusor pressure during voiding were significantly higher in the sling group.
                At 3 months there were no clinically significant differences between the groups treated with suburethral sling and modified Burch procedures. The purpose of this study was to compare the surgical outcome and attendant complications of the suprapubic arc (SPARC) sling and tension-free vaginal tape (TVT) procedures. Sixty-two women with genuine stress incontinence (GSI) alone or combined with pelvic prolapse less than International Continence Society (ICS) stage II were randomly allocated to either SPARC or TVT groups. A routine suprapubic ultrasonography was performed for all patients 1 day after the anti-incontinence operation. A comparison of the peri- and postoperative results comprising surgical outcomes and complications revealed no significant differences between the two groups. Although the difference in the rates of bladder injury was not statistically significant (SPARC 12.9 vs TVT 0.0%, p = 0.112), it was clinically significant. Routine suprapubic ultrasonography revealed eight subjects had retropubic hematomas greater than 5 cm. The cure rate for SPARC was not significantly different from TVT (80.7 vs 87.1%, p = 0.706). We concluded that the SPARC sling and TVT procedures proved to be equally effective. Subsequent suprapubic ultrasonography, in particular for the symptomatic patients, was found to be of clinical merit. To compare short-term functional outcomes, urodynamic parameters, and quality of life of transobturator and retropubic routes in the cure of urinary stress incontinence.
                This prospective, multicentre study involved 88 women undergoing suburethral sling procedure for stress urinary incontinence (SUI). The retropubic route (RPR) and the transobturator route (TOR) were used in 42 and 46 women, respectively. No difference in epidemiologic and preoperative urinary functional status (SUI stage, and pollakiuria, nocturia, and urgency rates) was found between the groups. Functional results and quality of life were evaluated before surgery and at 1, 3, 6, and 12 mo postoperatively. Urodynamic examinations were performed before and 3 mo after surgery.
                The mean follow-up was 10 mo. No difference in the rate of de novo urge incontinence and immediate and late voiding dysfunction was noted between the groups. No difference in the cure rate was observed between the groups (89.3% in the RPR group and 88.6% in the TOR group). RPR was associated with a significant decrease in maximum urinary flow and an increase in residual urine volume. Quality of life was significantly improved after surgery without difference between the groups.
                Retropubic and transobturator routes for treatment of female SUI have similar high cure rates and quality of life improvement. Because of advantages in the rate of complications and postoperative pain previously demonstrated on the same population, the transobturator route appears to be the best option for the treatment of urinary incontinence. The incidence of urinary incontinence in women of childbearing age is about 30%. Around half have stress incontinence. Many treatment modalities have been elucidated to treat stress incontinence, and among the most popular are rectus fascia sling and tension-free vaginal tape (TVT). The introduction of TVT to the urological armamentarium put a multiplicity of synthetic materials into use in the correction of stress urinary incontinence. A comparison of the impact of these 2 commonly used techniques is needed.
                A total of 53 female patients older than 21 years (mean age 45.09) were randomized, using closed envelopes, to undergo TVT or rectus fascia sling. Randomization was performed after patients received spinal anesthesia. One surgeon performed the 2 types of treatment. Associated grade 2 cystocele was simultaneously corrected. Patients with bladder or urethral pathology, as well as those with cystocele greater than grade 2, were excluded from analysis.
                All 53 patients completed 6 months of followup and all had stress urinary incontinence. There were 15 patients who underwent sling surgery and 17 who underwent TVT who had concomitant grade 1 or 2 cystocele. No statistically significant difference was found between the 2 groups at baseline. Cure was accomplished in 23 of 25 (92%) with sling and in 26 of 28 (92.9%) with TVT at first followup visit (1 week). There were 7 patients who needed at least 1 extra week of catheterization in the sling group and 3 in the TVT group. No significant difference was detected in terms of post-void residual urine, symptom score, and filling and voiding parameters. At 6 months 1 patient had de novo detrusor overactivity and 7 had wound pain. Compared to those with TVT, 2 cases of sling were considered treatment failures, none had de novo overactivity and 2 had wound pain. None of the patients had symptoms suggestive of urethral erosion.
                Rectus fascia sling and TVT seem to be equally effective regarding primary outcome measure (ie cure of stress incontinence). Symptom score related to incontinence surgery as well as simultaneous correction of cystocele are comparable in the 2 groups. Fascial sling is a longer treatment process yet it is more economical. Longer followup is vital before rigorous conclusions can be drawn. This study aims to analyze comparatively the efficacy and safety of synthetic transobturatory and aponeurotic retropubic slings, in the treatment of stress urinary incontinence (SUI) in women.
                Patients were separated in a randomized way. Twenty-one patients were submitted to the operatory correction by the transobturatory sling technique, whereas 20 patients were operated by the retropubic sling technique. All patients were submitted to complete physical exam and urodynamic test. The "T" test and the Mann-Whitney U test were applied to establish comparisons between the two groups. Patients were followed-up for 12 months.
                Healing rate was 90.5% (19/21) and 95% (19/20), respectively after 12 months. The transobturatory group presented lesser complications rate than the retropubic group.
                The transobturatory and the aponeurotic slings techniques were equally effective for the treatment of SUI. The transobturatory sling has shown fewer complications and lesser surgical time than the aponeurotic sling technique. Ever since Pereyra described needle suspension of the bladder neck for the treatment of stress urinary incontinence in women, numerous modifications have been presented. There were variations in the success reported by different authors. We report 3-year follow-up results in 146 women operated on for stress urinary incontinence using Raz, Burch and our own new procedures.
                During a 5-year period, 146 women were operated on for genuine stress urinary incontinence. Using the method of Raz, and transvaginal Burch as well as the Burch retropubic urethropexy, a modified bladder neck suspension was performed in 46 (32%), 44 (30%) and 56 (38%) patients, respectively. In all patients a prior gynecological or urological operation for urinary incontinence and a clear neuropathic condition had been excluded before surgery. The routine diagnostic procedure consisted of multichannel cystometry, voiding cystourethrography, infusion urography and cystoscopy. A pressure-flow electromyography study was done in patients with a residual volume greater than 50 ml following voiding. The operations were performed by the same surgeon (I.G.). Initial follow-up was done after 12 months and then every year.
                Urodynamic testing did not reveal significant differences between Burch and Raz (p = 0.2652), Raz and transvaginal Burch (p = 0.5745) as well as between Burch and transvaginal Burch procedures (p = 0.7602; Fisher's exact test). Three years after surgery, 50 of 56 (89.3%; Burch procedure), 37 of 46 (80.4%; Raz modification) and 38 of 44 patients (86.4%; transvaginal Burch) were continent.
                There is no reason (except patient condition) to prefer any of the numerous modifications of bladder neck suspension. We believe that the success of the operation lies in adequate mobilization of the bladder neck and urethra as well as in a surgeon's familiarity with the procedure. Fifty-one women with urodynamically proven genuine stress incontinence were alternately allocated to either colposuspension or a Stamey-type bladder neck suspension. One year after operation 89% of the patients who had had a colposuspension were subjectively cured and 73% were objectively normal. In the Stamey procedure group these figures were 76 and 40% respectively. The Stamey procedure is a quicker, simpler and a lesser procedure but has a higher incidence of post-operative voiding difficulties and residual urge symptoms. Colposuspension is to be preferred for the younger, healthier patient. The Stamey procedure is useful in the elderly, obese or unfit patient or the patient who has had multiple previous surgical attempts at a cure.
Bladder neck needle suspension surgery is probably not as good as open abdominal retropubic suspension for the treatment of primary and secondary urodynamic stress incontinence because the cure rates were lower in the trials reviewed. However, the reliability of the evidence was limited by poor quality and small trials. There was not enough information to comment on comparisons with suburethral sling operations. Although cure rates were similar after needle suspension compared with after anterior vaginal repair, the data were insufficient to be reliable and inadequate to compare morbidity.