A multicentre placebo-controlled randomised clinical trial of antibiotic prophylaxis for placement of single dental implants. Efficacy of prophylactic antibiotics for dental implants: a multicentre placebo-controlled randomised clinical trial. Efficacy of amoxicillin treatment in preventing postoperative complications in patients undergoing third molar surgery: a prospective, randomized, double-blind controlled study. Antibiotic prophylaxis in third molar surgery. Prophylactic antibiotics in the insertion of Tenckhoff catheters. A double-blind randomized controlled trial on the use of prophylactic antibiotics in patients undergoing elective caesarean section. Antibiotic use in post-adenotonsillectomy morbidity: a randomized prospective study. Short-term antibiotic prophylaxis in elective colorectal surgery. Single-dose v. short-term antibiotic therapy for prevention of wound infection in general surgery. A prospective, randomized double-blind trial.
To compare the efficacy and safety of 2 g amoxicillin orally with identical placebo tablets 1 hour before implant placement when placing single implants in bone types II and III.
                12 private dental clinics in Spain agreed to participate in this trial. A total of 105 patients were recruited. Patients were randomised for consumption orally of 2g amoxicillin or identical placebo tablets. Only patients needing single implants were included. Outcome measures were post-operative infections, adverse events and implant failures. Characteristics of the saprophytic flora were also studied in all patients. Patients were seen 3 days, 10 days, 1 month and 3 months postoperatively. Results: A total of 105 patients (n = 52 in the amoxicillin group and n = 53 in the placebo group) were evaluated and none were excluded from the study at 3 months. Six post-operative infections occurred and two implants were lost in each group. There were no statistically significant differences for postoperative infection, adverse events, implant failures and the characteristics of saprophytic flora between groups. The use of amoxicillin did not either alter or modify the characteristics of the saprophytic flora nor provoke remarkable side effects.
                Antibiotic prophylaxis may not be needed when placing single implants in patients with bone types II and III. To evaluate the efficacy of prophylactic antibiotics for dental implant placement.
                Twelve Italian private practices agreed to participate in this trial, each centre providing 30 patients. One hour prior to implant placement, patients were randomised, for consumption orally of 2 g amoxicillin or identical placebo tablets. Patients needing bone augmentation procedures were not included. Outcome measures were prosthesis and implant failures, adverse events and post-operative biological complications. Patients were seen 1 week, 2 weeks and 4 months post-operatively.
                One centre did not deliver any data and 14 patients had to be excluded from the trial for various reasons. One hundred and fifty-eight patients were evaluated in each group and none dropped out at 4 months. Two prostheses and two implants failed in the antibiotics group, compared with four prostheses and nine implants in the placebo group. There were no statistically significant differences for prosthesis failures, implant losses, complications and side effects.
                No statistically significant differences were observed. However, four times more patients in the placebo group experienced implant failures than in the antibiotic group, and this requires further investigation. The aim of the present study was to evaluate and compare the occurrence of postoperative complications in patients receiving either pre- or postoperative amoxicillin versus placebo after third molar surgery.
                A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial was performed in 123 patients undergoing third molar surgery. The patients were randomized to 3 groups, according to the treatment regimen: preoperative amoxicillin, postoperative amoxicillin, and placebo. Both surgeon and patients were unaware of the treatment assignment. The clinical outcomes, including pain, wound infection, trismus, temperature, intra- and extraoral swelling, dysphagia, side effects, and postoperative complications, were assessed.
                Statistically significant differences were found in the incidence of pain, wound infection, temperature, trismus, and dysphagia between the groups receiving amoxicillin versus placebo. Suture dehiscence and infection of 5 sockets were only found in the placebo group. No cases of alveolitis were observed in the 3 groups studied. No significant differences in swelling were found among the different groups. No statistically significant differences in side effects were found between the groups. The efficacy was greatest in the group receiving postoperative amoxicillin compared with the group receiving a prophylactic preoperative dose.
                Amoxicillin administered pre- or postoperatively demonstrated greater efficacy than placebo in preventing postoperative complications in patients undergoing third molar surgery. The best results were obtained using the postoperative protocol.
                Copyright © 2011 American Association of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. To evaluate the role of prophylactic antibiotics, if any, in the removal of mandibular impacted third molars.
                A total of 89 patients were randomly allocated in 3 groups (group 1, placebo; group 2, amoxicillin 1 g orally 1 h before surgery; and group 3, metronidazole 800 mg orally 1 h before surgery).
                Of the 89 patients, 5 had surgical wound infection (3 [10.33%] in group 1, 2 [6.45%] in group 2, and none [0%] in group 3), leading to an overall infection rate of 5.61%. There was no statistically significant difference found in surgical wound infection between the groups.
                Our study failed to show any advantage in the routine use of prophylactic antibiotics because we found no statistically significant difference between the groups. We assessed the efficacy of preoperative antibiotic prophylaxis in a prospective trial for patients undergoing insertion of Tenckhoff catheters for continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis (CAPD). The prophylactic regimen was a single dose of cefazolin (500 mg) and gentamicin (80 mg) given intravenously half an hour before surgery. There was no significant difference in the number of exit site infections (8 in the antibiotic group vs. 8 in the controls) and the number of episodes of peritonitis (5 in the antibiotic group vs. 2 in the controls). Our study showed that prophylactic preoperative antibiotics did not reduce the number of exit site infections and peritonitis after the insertion of Tenckhoff catheters. In a double-blind randomized controlled study 232 patients undergoing elective lower segment caesarean section were randomly allocated to receive a pre-operative prophylactic dose of a combination of crystalline penicillin and chloramphenicol or a placebo. The two groups were comparable in terms of patient characteristics and operation variables. The group receiving antibiotics had significantly fewer febrile and infectious morbid events and thus spent fewer days in hospital than the group receiving the placebo. Tonsillectomy with or without adenoidectomy still is one of the most commonly performed surgical procedures in the world, mostly in the pediatric population.
                to study the impact of amoxicillin for 7 days in post-adenotonsillectomy recovery, comparing results with a control group. Study type: prospective, randomized, controlled study with 120 patients.
                the patients were randomized according to surgery time to receive 7 days of amoxicillin associated with pain killers, or analgesic alone. During the first week of postoperative, we assessed the level of pain, oral intake acceptance, nausea and vomits, fever and return to daily activities.
                It was only in the fourth post-operative day that the group receiving antibiotic agents showed a statistically significant difference as far as pain is concerned. There was no difference between the two groups for other data analyzed.
                considering the results from our study and reviewing the literature on the use of antibiotic agents, we agree that there is no improvement in patient recovery after adenotonsillectomy with the use of amoxicillin for 7 days in the postoperative. In the last 2 years, 50 patients who underwent elective colorectal surgery were prospectively studied about antibiotic prophylaxis. Two groups of 25 patients each were randomly selected. Both received: (a) a colic preparation: hypactic drugs and two enemas during the day before surgery and (b) metronidazole 0.5 g plus neomycin 1 g per 8 h orally for 1 day before surgery. Every group also received: group A, metronidazole 0.5 g plus amikacin 500 mg i.v. 2 h before surgery and the same doses per 8 or 12 h, respectively, for 2 days postoperatively; group B, ornidazole 1 g by intravenous infusion plus ceftriaxone 2 g i.v. 2 h before surgery and the same doses of the drugs per 24 h for 2 days postoperatively. Wound infection occurred in 1 case of group A versus 2 cases of group B (p greater than 0.25). Ornidazole plus ceftriaxone prophylactic antibiotic therapy is therefore as effective as a classic therapy (metronidazole plus amikacin) and constitutes an alternative choice for patients undergoing elective colorectal surgery, because the simple manner of its administration (once per 24 h) is resulting in cost saving due to gained nursing time. To investigate the effectiveness of a single-dose antibiotic regimen for preventing postoperative wound infection, a prospective, randomized double-blind trial was carried out in patients undergoing "clean-contaminated", "contaminated" or "clean" (vascular) surgery. Both elective and emergency operations were included. Single-dose (preoperative) prophylaxis was compared with short-term prophylaxis (1 dose preoperatively and 2 doses postoperatively). The antibiotics were penicillin, tobramycin and metronidazole in various combinations, and comparisons between single-dose and short-term prophylaxis were made with all the regimens. The incidence of wound infection was 5/277 (1.8%) in the short-term group and 9/287 (3.1%) in the single-dose group. The difference was not statistically significant. Nor was statistically significant difference found when the type of operation and the degree of contamination were considered. Single-dose antibiotic prophylaxis thus gave a low incidence of postoperative wound infection, even in "clean-contaminated" or "contaminated" cases.
There is some evidence suggesting that 2 g of amoxicillin given orally 1 hour preoperatively significantly reduce failures of dental implants placed in ordinary conditions. No significant adverse events were reported. It might be sensible to suggest the use of a single dose of 2 g prophylactic amoxicillin prior to dental implant placement. It is still unknown whether postoperative antibiotics are beneficial, and which is the most effective antibiotic.