Comparison of a fixed combination of domperidone and paracetamol (Domperamol) with sumatriptan 50 mg in moderate to severe migraine: a randomised UK primary care study. A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial of the efficacy and tolerability of a 4-mg dose of subcutaneous sumatriptan for the treatment of acute migraine attacks in adults. Sumatriptan plus metoclopramide in triptan-nonresponsive migraineurs. Efficacy and safety of sumatriptan 50 mg in patients not responding to standard care, in the treatment of mild to moderate migraine. The Sumatriptan 50 mg Italian Study Group. Sumatriptan nasal spray for the acute treatment of migraine. Results of two clinical studies. Oral sumatriptan compared with placebo in the acute treatment of migraine. [Treatment of migraine attacks: combination of dihydroergotamine tartrate and paracetamol in comparison with individual drugs and placebo]. Pain free efficacy of sumatriptan in the early treatment of migraine. Rizatriptan vs sumatriptan in the acute treatment of migraine. A placebo-controlled, dose-ranging study. Dutch/US Rizatriptan Study Group.
Migraine is a common and debilitating condition routinely managed in primary care. A number of treatment options--both acute and prophylactic--are currently available but may differ in terms of efficacy, tolerability and cost. The aim of this study was to compare the effectiveness and tolerability of a fixed combination of domperidone and paracetamol (Domperamol; Servier), which has anti-nauseant and anti-emetic activity, with sumatriptan 50 mg in moderate to severe migraine. To do this, 120 patients were recruited from 23 primary care practices throughout the UK and were enrolled into the six-month trial. Patients were randomised at entry to one of the comparator regimens (used to treat their first migraine attack) and then crossed over to the alternative treatment for their second attack. Detailed diary cards were completed for each attack using a scale of pain severity. At two hours and four hours post-dose, the two treatments showed comparable efficacy (< or = 15% difference) in relieving headache and reducing nausea and vomiting. Both were well tolerated and there were no serious adverse effects. In the management of migraine patients typically seen in routine general practice, this trial showed that the effects of Domperamol and sumatriptan 50 mg were broadly comparable. Since Domperamol is considerably less expensive than sumatriptan (and other triptans), a first-line role for this agent appears appropriate. The aim of this study was to evaluate the efficacy and tolerability of a single 4-mg dose of sumatriptan SC for the acute treatment of adult patients experiencing a migraine attack with moderate to severe pain.
                In this randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study, subjects included men and women aged 18 to 60 years who had migraine with or without aura, as defined by the 1988 International Headache Society criteria. Subjects received either sumatriptan 4 mg SC or placebo SC for a migraine attack with headache pain of moderate to severe intensity. The primary efficacy measurement was pain relief at 2 hours. Secondary efficacy measures included the severity of headache pain at 10, 20, 30, 40, 50, 60, and 90 minutes postadministration. Clinical assessments of pain severity and adverse events were made by way of questioning and observation of subjects and were completed at 10, 20, 30, 40, 50, 60, 90, and 120 minutes postadministration.
                Five hundred seventy-seven subjects (87% female and 94% white) participated in this study. Three hundred eighty-four received sumatriptan and 193 received placebo. At 120 minutes postadministration, sumatriptan 4 mg SC was associated with greater proportions of patients who experienced pain relief (70% vs 22%; P<0.001) or were pain free (50% vs 11%; P<0.001). In addition, there were statistically significant differences between sumatriptan 4 mg SC and placebo for multiple secondary end points, including pain relief as early as 10 minutes postadministration (11% vs 6%; P=0.039), pain-free status as early as 30 minutes postadministration (10% vs 3%; P<0.001), nausea as early as 30 minutes postadministration (39% vs 49%; P=0.021), and photophobia as early as 10 minutes postadministration (80% vs 87%; P=0.046). The most common adverse events in the sumatriptan 4-mg SC and placebo groups, respectively, were injection-site reactions (43% and 15%), tingling (12% and 3%), dizziness or vertigo (10% and 5%), and warm or hot sensation (8% and 2%). Treatment groups were not statistically compared for adverse events.
                Sumatriptan 4 mg SC was effective for the acute treatment of migraine attacks and was generally well tolerated in these patients. We evaluated the effectiveness of combination treatment using sumatriptan plus metoclopramide versus sumatriptan alone for the treatment of acute migraine. The patients who were treated had failed to respond to triptans in the past despite adequate doses on at least 2 separate trials of the same triptan or 2 trials involving different triptans.
                There is limited evidence that dopaminergic antagonists may benefit the migraineur by relieving migraine pain and associated symptoms. The exact mechanism of action in migraine is unknown. The postulated action is the inhibition of dopaminergic overactivity. A dopaminergic antagonist, metoclopramide, may improve the efficacy of a 5-HT1B/1D agonist, sumatriptan.
                In this double-blind, randomized, crossover study, 16 adult migraineurs fulfilling International Headache Society (IHS) criteria for migraine with or without aura who had failed to receive adequate relief from triptans treated one migraine with each treatment: sumatriptan 50 mg plus metoclopramide 10 mg or sumatriptan 50 mg plus placebo to match metoclopramide. Patients treated their migraines when they were moderate or severe in intensity and recorded pain severity and symptoms prior to treatment and 30, 60, 90, and 120 minutes and 24 hours after treatment.
                Thirteen women and 3 men (mean age, 40 years) completed the study; ie, treated 2 migraines (a total of 32 migraines), one attack with each treatment. Meaningful relief was attained in 10 (63%) of 16 migraines treated with the combination of sumatriptan 50 mg plus metoclopramide 10 mg compared with 5 (31%) of 16 migraines treated with sumatriptan 50 mg plus placebo. Headache response (moderate or severe to mild or no pain at 2 hours) was achieved in 7 (44%) of 16 migraines with the combination of sumatriptan 50 mg plus metoclopramide 10 mg compared with 5 (31%) of 16 migraines treated with sumatriptan 50 mg plus placebo. There did not appear to be a difference between treatment groups with respect to associated symptoms. The combination of sumatriptan 50 mg plus metoclopramide 10 mg was well tolerated.
                Combining sumatriptan with metoclopramide provided relief in some migraineurs who failed to achieve adequate relief with a triptan alone. It remains unknown whether initiating therapy when pain was mild or using a higher dose of sumatriptan (ie, 100 mg) would have provided additional benefit. Further studies are indicated. The tolerability and efficacy of oral sumatriptan 50 mg for the treatment of mild to moderate migraine attacks were assessed in a double-blind, multicenter placebo-controlled study on a group of patients who had not responded sufficiently to analgesic preparations. Three-hundred-and-twenty-eight migraine sufferers treated a first migraine attack with a nontriptan standard care medication: a mixture containing phenazone, butalbital and caffeine (optalidon) or indomethacin plus prochlorperazine plus caffeine (difmetre) or paracetamol 100 mg (tachipirine), depending on their habits. Of these patients, 32.6% reported headache relief with this treatment and were not included in phase II of the study. The 219 patients not reporting relief during the first phase of the study entered the second phase and were randomized to sumatriptan 50 mg or to placebo; 167 of these patients treated a second attack according to the protocol and were evaluated for efficacy. Of the patients with migraine taking sumatriptan, 58% reported headache relief compared with 35% of placebo-treated patients (p = 0.008). The reduction of nausea and vomiting was significantly better in the sumatriptan group. No differences were detected for the recurrence rate, while rescue medication was used more by the placebo group. The safety profile of sumatriptan 50 mg was confirmed. This study demonstrates the usefulness of this dose of oral sumatriptan against the pain and the accompanying symptoms of mild and moderate migraine. Sumatriptan nasal spray may be particularly useful for patients whose nausea and vomiting preclude them from using oral migraine medication or for patients who prefer not to use an injectable migraine medication. The objective of this study was to evaluate in two clinical studies the efficacy and tolerability of the intranasal form of sumatriptan in the acute treatment of a single migraine attack. International Headache Society-diagnosed adult migraineurs in two randomized, double-blind, parallel-group, multicenter studies (n = 409 and 436) used sumatriptan nasal spray 20 mg, 10 mg, or placebo (2:1:1) for the acute treatment of a single migraine attack at home. Predose and at predetermined postdose intervals, patients recorded headache severity (none, mild, moderate, severe); time to meaningful relief; clinical disability (none, mildly impaired, severely impaired, bed rest required); presence/absence of nausea, photophobia, and phonophobia; and the occurrence of adverse events. Two hours postdose in the two studies, moderate or severe baseline pain was reduced to mild or none in 62 to 63% of patients treated with sumatriptan 20 mg, 43 to 54% of patients treated with sumatriptan 10 mg, and 29 to 35% of placebo-treated patients (p < 0.05 20 mg versus placebo for both studies and 10 mg versus placebo for study 1). Onset of relief relative to placebo began as early as 15 minutes postdose (sumatriptan 20 mg, study 2). Clinical disability at 2 hours postdose was reported as mildly impaired or normal in 72 to 74% of patients treated with sumatriptan 20 mg, 56 to 68% of patients treated with sumatriptan 10 mg, and 47 to 58% of placebo-treated patients (p < 0.05 20 mg versus placebo for both studies). Similar efficacy rates were observed for nausea, photophobia, and phonophobia. The most common adverse event in the active treatment groups was disturbance of taste (bad, bitter, or unpleasant taste). Aside from this event, the pattern and incidence of adverse events did not differ among treatment groups. From these results we determined that sumatriptan nasal spray is a rapidly effective, well-tolerated migraine treatment. The 20-mg dose was effective in treating the entire migraine symptom complex, and the 10-mg dose was less consistently effective. This multicentre, double-blind, parallel-group study compared the efficacy, safety and tolerability of oral sumatriptan, given as a new film-coated tablet, with placebo in the acute treatment of migraine. Patients were randomised unequally (1:2) to receive placebo or sumatriptan. Eighty-eight patients received placebo (plus an optional dose 2 h later if the headache persisted plus a further optional dose for recurrence within 24 h) and 162 patients received sumatriptan 100 mg (plus an optional 100 mg dose at 2 h and an optional 100 mg dose within 24 h). Sumatriptan was significantly more effective than placebo at relieving headache (defined as reduction in severity from severe or moderate pain to mild or no pain) at 2 h (51% versus 31%, P = 0.003) and 4 h (71% versus 35%, P < 0.001). Fewer sumatriptan-treated patients required a second dose compared with placebo-treated patients (49% versus 74%, P < 0.001). More sumatriptan-treated patients were completely pain free compared with placebo-treated patients at both 2 h (24% versus 12%) and 4 h (48% versus 18). Patients receiving sumatriptan reported earlier onset of headache relief than patients receiving placebo. Headache relief in sumatriptan-treated patients was similar, irrespective of the type of migraine (with or without aura) or the time of treatment < or = 4 h or > 4 h after onset of migraine). Sumatriptan was more effective than placebo at relieving nausea, vomiting and photophobia/phonophobia. Few patients were evaluable for treatment of headache recurrence, and statistical analysis was not possible.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) In a multi-center, double-blind, placebo-controlled crossover study safety and efficacy of oral dihydroergotamine tartrate (DHE) 2 mg, paracetamol 1000 mg, and a fixed combination of these two agents was compared for the relief of migraine attacks. The effect of the four different treatments on severity and duration of migraine headache was assessed pretreatment and at one and two hours post-treatment in the patient diary (10 point numerical rating scale 0 = no pain, 9 = unbearable pain). Nausea, vomiting, photophobia, phonophobia, and adverse events were also recorded in the patient diary.
                For 288 patients (81% female, 19% male) of 474 enrolled the results of four consecutive migraine attacks could be evaluated; 186 patients were excluded from the analyses because of missing data or protocol violations. Compared with placebo, headache severity was significantly reduced after all three treatments at one and two hours and all three treatments resulted in statistically significant rapid relief of pain, proving a superior effect of the combination over the mono agents. Duration of headache was significantly shorter when the combination was taken and the number of patients having either no headache or a reduction of pain of more than 50% after one and two hours was bigger in the combination group. Eight adverse events were experienced in patients during placebo treatment, seven in patients during treatment with the fixed combination, five in patients during DHE treatment and two in patients during paracetamol treatment. All adverse events were transitory and none was serious.
                The oral combination of 2 mg DHE and 1000 mg paracetamol is safe and effective in the treatment of acute migraine attacks and should be first choice of therapy in patients who do not respond to mild analgesics like paracetamol alone. There is evidence that headache response rates may be higher if triptans are used early when a migraine attack is still mild, as compared to when it is treated after pain has reached moderate or severe intensity.
                In this randomized, double blind, placebo controlled, parallel group clinical trial, 361 patients took either placebo, sumatriptan 50 mg, or sumatriptan 100 mg in a single attack study. The primary outcome measure was pain-free status at two hours.
                In the intention to treat group, two hour pain free rates were 16%, 40%, and 50% in the placebo group, sumatriptan 50 mg group, and the sumatriptan 100 mg group respectively (p < 0.001, active treatment groups vs. placebo).
                Both sumatriptan 50 mg and 100 mg were significantly superior to placebo for the pain-free end point at two hours. The pain-free response rates in this trial where sumatriptan was taken while the headache was still mild were generally higher than in older clinical trials where headache was treated after reaching a moderate or severe intensity. Rizatriptan (MK-462) is a new 5-hydroxytryptamine1D (serotonin1D; 5-HT1D) receptor agonist for the acute treatment of migraine that has improved pharmacokinetic properties compared with sumatriptan succinate.
                To assess the efficacy and tolerability of 10-, 20-, and 40-mg doses of oral rizatriptan vs a 100-mg dose of oral sumatriptan succinate and placebo for the acute treatment of migraine.
                Randomized, double-blind, parallel-group, placebo-controlled, outpatient trial.
                Ten US and 4 Dutch investigator centers.
                Patients who had migraine with or without aura (N = 449).
                The proportion of patients whose conditions improved from severe or moderate headache immediately before dosing to mild or no headache at 2 hours after drug administration (ie, headache relief).
                The proportion of patients with headache relief was 18% for placebo; 46% for sumatriptan; and 52% for 10-mg, 56% for 20-mg, and 67% for 40-mg rizatriptan. All differences with placebo were statistically significant (P < .001), and 40-mg rizatriptan was superior to sumatriptan (P = .01). The proportion of patients who became free of pain at 2 hours was 3% for the placebo-treated group; 22% for the sumatriptan-treated group; and 26%, 35%, and 47% for the group of patients who took the 10-, 20-, and 40-mg doses of rizatriptan, respectively (all differences with placebo, P < .005; 40-mg rizatripan vs sumatriptan, P = .001). The recurrence of headache within 24 hours was found to be equal across all treatment groups-approximately 40%. Adverse events (most commonly short-lasting mild or moderate dizziness and drowsiness) occurred more frequently after a 40-mg dose of rizatriptan was given than after the other treatments.
                The antimigraine effect of 10- and 20-mg rizatriptan was superior to placebo, and comparable with that of 100-mg sumatriptan succinate; the efficacy of 40-mg rizatriptan was superior to that of both placebo and 100-mg sumatriptan succinate, although it was associated with a high frequency of adverse events.
Paracetamol 1000 mg alone is statistically superior to placebo in the treatment of acute migraine, but the NNT of 12 for pain-free response at two hours is inferior to at of other commonly used analgesics. Given the low cost and wide availability of paracetamol, it may be a useful first choice drug for acute migraine in those with contraindications to, or who cannot tolerate, non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) or aspirin. The addition of 10 mg metoclopramide gives short-term efficacy equivalent to oral sumatriptan 100 mg. Adverse events with paracetamol did not differ from placebo; serious and/or severe adverse events were slightly more common with sumatriptan than with paracetamol plus metoclopramide.