Q:

Is there any command-line, generic HTTP proxy (like Squid)?

I can easily use Netcat (or, Socat) to capture traffic between my browser and a specific host:port.
But for Linux, does there exist any command-line counterpart of a Squid-like HTTP proxy that I can use to capture traffic between my HTTP client (either browser or command-line program) and any arbitrary host:port?

A:

Both Perl and Python (and probably Ruby as well) have simple kits that you can use to quickly build simple HTTP proxies.
In Perl, use HTTP::Proxy. Here's the 3-line example from the documentation. Add filters to filter, log or rewrite requests or responses; see the documentation for examples.
use HTTP::Proxy;
my $proxy = HTTP::Proxy->new( port => 3128 );
$proxy->start;

In Python, use SimpleHTTPServer. Here's some sample code lightly adapted from effbot. Adapt the do_GET method (or others) to filter, log or rewrite requests or responses.
import SocketServer
import SimpleHTTPServer
import urllib
class Proxy(SimpleHTTPServer.SimpleHTTPRequestHandler):
    def do_GET(self):
        self.copyfile(urllib.urlopen(self.path), self.wfile)
httpd = SocketServer.ForkingTCPServer(('', 3128), Proxy)
httpd.serve_forever()

A:

This may not be the best solution, but if you use any proxy then it will have a specific host:port so the netcat solution with still work, albeit you'll have to pick apart the proxy meta-data to make sense of it.
The easiest way to do this might be to use any random anonymization proxy out there and just channel all the traffic through netcat. (I.e., set your browser proxy to localhost:port and then forward the data to the real proxy.)
If you want to have a local proxy then a SOCKS5 proxy with ssh -D <port> localhost is probably your easiest option. Obviously, you need to tell your browser to use a "socks" proxy rather than an "http" proxy.
So, something like this (assuming your local machine accepts incoming ssh connections):
ssh -fN -D 8000 localhost
nc -l 8080 | tee capturefile | nc localhost 8000

Naturally, that'll only work for one browser connection attempt, and then exit, and I have not attempted to forward the return data to the browser, so you'll need your full netcat solution.

