Q:

How `MySQL` define order in `WHERE` clause?

Please, somebody explain me why queries:
WHERE property_id = 1 OR property_id = 2
    AND property_id = 3

and 
WHERE (property_id = 1 OR property_id = 2)
    AND property_id = 3

given different results? 
And how MySQL define order in WHERE clause?

A:

Because of the precedence of the AND/OR logical operators
The first query is equivalent to  
WHERE property_id = 1 OR (property_id = 2
    AND property_id = 3)

Because AND has higher precedence than OR operator

A:

Check Manual Here for Operator Precedence
In your first query where clause check this condition 
property_id = 2 AND property_id = 3 because of AND operator is more precedence then OR Operator.
In second query where clause check first this condtion (property_id = 1 OR property_id = 2) because bracket have more precedence then other compare operator.
Your first query equivalent to
WHERE property_id = 1 OR (property_id = 2
    AND property_id = 3)

