Q:

How to remove the Add to Cart button from Catalog pages in Magento 2?

How to remove the Add to Cart button from Catalog pages only?

A:

In Magento 2 they've hardcoded them into the catalog product list template.
This can be found around line 80 of   app/code/Magento/Catalog/view/frontend/templates/product/list.phtml:
<?php if ($_product->isSaleable()): ?>
    <?php $postParams = $block->getAddToCartPostParams($_product); ?>
    <form data-role="tocart-form" action="<?php /* @escapeNotVerified */ echo $postParams['action']; ?>" method="post">
        <input type="hidden" name="product" value="<?php /* @escapeNotVerified */ echo $postParams['data']['product']; ?>">
        <input type="hidden" name="<?php /* @escapeNotVerified */ echo Action::PARAM_NAME_URL_ENCODED; ?>" value="<?php /* @escapeNotVerified */ echo $postParams['data'][Action::PARAM_NAME_URL_ENCODED]; ?>">
        <?php echo $block->getBlockHtml('formkey')?>
        <button type="submit"
                title="<?php echo $block->escapeHtml(__('Add to Cart')); ?>"
                class="action tocart primary">
            <span><?php /* @escapeNotVerified */ echo __('Add to Cart') ?></span>
        </button>
    </form>

A few options exist to suppress them:

Create an around plugin for the block and change $_product->isSaleable() to return false for the render of the template, and swap it back afterward
Replace this template in your custom theme's layout
Hide with CSS

Honestly hiding via CSS isn't the worst option here:
.catalog-category-view .action.tocart { display: none; }

