Q:

Deploying Entity Framework WPF Application

I've made a WPF application that uses EF6 code first database.
I've been doing it all in Visual Studio and using the default LocalDb.
The client wants to test what i've doe so far. I've tried ClickOnce application installation to my development PC. The program simply doesn't start, no window opens.... absolutely nothing happens.
I've deployed a simple WPF app and it works right away so i surmise it's the EF component.

How do i get some sort of output log, or debugging so i can see what the error is?
Any ideas on how to fix the error?
Where does it get installed to?
How can i attach the debugger?

MY CONNECTION DETAILS from App.config
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<configuration>
  <configSections>
    <!-- For more information on Entity Framework configuration, visit http://go.microsoft.com/fwlink/?LinkID=237468 -->
    <section name="entityFramework" type="System.Data.Entity.Internal.ConfigFile.EntityFrameworkSection, EntityFramework, Version=6.0.0.0, Culture=neutral, PublicKeyToken=b77a5c561934e089" requirePermission="false" />
  </configSections>
  <connectionStrings>
    <add name="EEHA_Inspector.Properties.Settings.EEHA_Inspector_Model_EEHA_DbContextConnectionString"
      connectionString="Data Source=(localdb)\MSSQLLocalDB;Initial Catalog=EEHA_Inspector.Model.EEHA_DbContext;Integrated Security=True"
      providerName="System.Data.SqlClient" />
  </connectionStrings>
  <startup>
    <supportedRuntime version="v4.0" sku=".NETFramework,Version=v4.5.2" />
  </startup>
  <entityFramework>
    <defaultConnectionFactory type="System.Data.Entity.Infrastructure.LocalDbConnectionFactory, EntityFramework">
      <parameters>
        <parameter value="mssqllocaldb" />
      </parameters>
    </defaultConnectionFactory>
    <providers>
      <provider invariantName="System.Data.SqlClient" type="System.Data.Entity.SqlServer.SqlProviderServices, EntityFramework.SqlServer" />
    </providers>
  </entityFramework>
</configuration>

Any help would be greatly appreciated.
UPDATE #2 - Windows Log Exception
Application: EEHA_Inspector.exe
Framework Version: v4.0.30319
Description: The process was terminated due to an unhandled exception.
Exception Info: System.Data.SqlClient.SqlException
   at System.Data.ProviderBase.DbConnectionPool.TryGetConnection(System.Data.Common.DbConnection, UInt32, Boolean, Boolean, System.Data.Common.DbConnectionOptions, System.Data.ProviderBase.DbConnectionInternal ByRef)
   at System.Data.ProviderBase.DbConnectionPool.TryGetConnection(System.Data.Common.DbConnection, System.Threading.Tasks.TaskCompletionSource`1<System.Data.ProviderBase.DbConnectionInternal>, System.Data.Common.DbConnectionOptions, System.Data.ProviderBase.DbConnectionInternal ByRef)
   at System.Data.ProviderBase.DbConnectionFactory.TryGetConnection(System.Data.Common.DbConnection, System.Threading.Tasks.TaskCompletionSource`1<System.Data.ProviderBase.DbConnectionInternal>, System.Data.Common.DbConnectionOptions, System.Data.ProviderBase.DbConnectionInternal, System.Data.ProviderBase.DbConnectionInternal ByRef)
   at System.Data.ProviderBase.DbConnectionInternal.TryOpenConnectionInternal(System.Data.Common.DbConnection, System.Data.ProviderBase.DbConnectionFactory, System.Threading.Tasks.TaskCompletionSource`1<System.Data.ProviderBase.DbConnectionInternal>, System.Data.Common.DbConnectionOptions)
   at System.Data.ProviderBase.DbConnectionClosed.TryOpenConnection(System.Data.Common.DbConnection, System.Data.ProviderBase.DbConnectionFactory, System.Threading.Tasks.TaskCompletionSource`1<System.Data.ProviderBase.DbConnectionInternal>, System.Data.Common.DbConnectionOptions)
   at System.Data.SqlClient.SqlConnection.TryOpenInner(System.Threading.Tasks.TaskCompletionSource`1<System.Data.ProviderBase.DbConnectionInternal>)
   at System.Data.SqlClient.SqlConnection.TryOpen(System.Threading.Tasks.TaskCompletionSource`1<System.Data.ProviderBase.DbConnectionInternal>)
   at System.Data.SqlClient.SqlConnection.Open()
   at System.Data.Entity.Infrastructure.Interception.DbConnectionDispatcher.<Open>b__36(System.Data.Common.DbConnection, System.Data.Entity.Infrastructure.Interception.DbConnectionInterceptionContext)
   at System.Data.Entity.Infrastructure.Interception.InternalDispatcher`1[[System.__Canon, mscorlib, Version=4.0.0.0, Culture=neutral, PublicKeyToken=b77a5c561934e089]].Dispatch[[System.__Canon, mscorlib, Version=4.0.0.0, Culture=neutral, PublicKeyToken=b77a5c561934e089],[System.__Canon, mscorlib, Version=4.0.0.0, Culture=neutral, PublicKeyToken=b77a5c561934e089]](System.__Canon, System.Action`2<System.__Canon,System.__Canon>, System.__Canon, System.Action`3<System.__Canon,System.__Canon,System.__Canon>, System.Action`3<System.__Canon,System.__Canon,System.__Canon>)
   at System.Data.Entity.Infrastructure.Interception.DbConnectionDispatcher.Open(System.Data.Common.DbConnection, System.Data.Entity.Infrastructure.Interception.DbInterceptionContext)
   at System.Data.Entity.Core.EntityClient.EntityConnection.<Open>b__2()
   at System.Data.Entity.SqlServer.DefaultSqlExecutionStrategy+<>c__DisplayClass1.<Execute>b__0()
   at System.Data.Entity.SqlServer.DefaultSqlExecutionStrategy.Execute[[System.__Canon, mscorlib, Version=4.0.0.0, Culture=neutral, PublicKeyToken=b77a5c561934e089]](System.Func`1<System.__Canon>)
   at System.Data.Entity.SqlServer.DefaultSqlExecutionStrategy.Execute(System.Action)
   at System.Data.Entity.Core.EntityClient.EntityConnection.Open()

Exception Info: System.Data.Entity.Core.EntityException
   at System.Data.Entity.Core.EntityClient.EntityConnection.Open()
   at System.Data.Entity.Core.Objects.ObjectContext.EnsureConnection(Boolean)
   at System.Data.Entity.Core.Objects.ObjectContext.ExecuteInTransaction[[System.__Canon, mscorlib, Version=4.0.0.0, Culture=neutral, PublicKeyToken=b77a5c561934e089]](System.Func`1<System.__Canon>, System.Data.Entity.Infrastructure.IDbExecutionStrategy, Boolean, Boolean)
   at System.Data.Entity.Core.Objects.ObjectQuery`1+<>c__DisplayClass7[[System.__Canon, mscorlib, Version=4.0.0.0, Culture=neutral, PublicKeyToken=b77a5c561934e089]].<GetResults>b__5()
   at System.Data.Entity.SqlServer.DefaultSqlExecutionStrategy.Execute[[System.__Canon, mscorlib, Version=4.0.0.0, Culture=neutral, PublicKeyToken=b77a5c561934e089]](System.Func`1<System.__Canon>)
   at System.Data.Entity.Core.Objects.ObjectQuery`1[[System.__Canon, mscorlib, Version=4.0.0.0, Culture=neutral, PublicKeyToken=b77a5c561934e089]].GetResults(System.Nullable`1<System.Data.Entity.Core.Objects.MergeOption>)
   at System.Data.Entity.Core.Objects.ObjectQuery`1[[System.__Canon, mscorlib, Version=4.0.0.0, Culture=neutral, PublicKeyToken=b77a5c561934e089]].<System.Collections.Generic.IEnumerable<T>.GetEnumerator>b__0()
   at System.Data.Entity.Internal.LazyEnumerator`1[[System.__Canon, mscorlib, Version=4.0.0.0, Culture=neutral, PublicKeyToken=b77a5c561934e089]].MoveNext()
   at System.Linq.Enumerable.FirstOrDefault[[System.__Canon, mscorlib, Version=4.0.0.0, Culture=neutral, PublicKeyToken=b77a5c561934e089]](System.Collections.Generic.IEnumerable`1<System.__Canon>)
   at System.Data.Entity.Core.Objects.ELinq.ObjectQueryProvider.<GetElementFunction>b__1[[System.__Canon, mscorlib, Version=4.0.0.0, Culture=neutral, PublicKeyToken=b77a5c561934e089]](System.Collections.Generic.IEnumerable`1<System.__Canon>)
   at System.Data.Entity.Core.Objects.ELinq.ObjectQueryProvider.ExecuteSingle[[System.__Canon, mscorlib, Version=4.0.0.0, Culture=neutral, PublicKeyToken=b77a5c561934e089]](System.Collections.Generic.IEnumerable`1<System.__Canon>, System.Linq.Expressions.Expression)
   at System.Data.Entity.Core.Objects.ELinq.ObjectQueryProvider.System.Linq.IQueryProvider.Execute[[System.__Canon, mscorlib, Version=4.0.0.0, Culture=neutral, PublicKeyToken=b77a5c561934e089]](System.Linq.Expressions.Expression)
   at System.Data.Entity.Internal.Linq.DbQueryProvider.Execute[[System.__Canon, mscorlib, Version=4.0.0.0, Culture=neutral, PublicKeyToken=b77a5c561934e089]](System.Linq.Expressions.Expression)
   at System.Linq.Queryable.FirstOrDefault[[System.__Canon, mscorlib, Version=4.0.0.0, Culture=neutral, PublicKeyToken=b77a5c561934e089]](System.Linq.IQueryable`1<System.__Canon>)
   at System.Data.Entity.Internal.EdmMetadataRepository.QueryForModelHash(System.Func`2<System.Data.Common.DbConnection,System.Data.Entity.Internal.EdmMetadataContext>)
   at System.Data.Entity.Internal.InternalContext.QueryForModelHash()
   at System.Data.Entity.Internal.ModelCompatibilityChecker.CompatibleWithModel(System.Data.Entity.Internal.InternalContext, System.Data.Entity.Internal.ModelHashCalculator, Boolean, System.Data.Entity.Internal.DatabaseExistenceState)
   at System.Data.Entity.Internal.InternalContext.CompatibleWithModel(Boolean, System.Data.Entity.Internal.DatabaseExistenceState)
   at System.Data.Entity.CreateDatabaseIfNotExists`1[[System.__Canon, mscorlib, Version=4.0.0.0, Culture=neutral, PublicKeyToken=b77a5c561934e089]].InitializeDatabase(System.__Canon)
   at System.Data.Entity.Internal.InternalContext+<>c__DisplayClassf`1[[System.__Canon, mscorlib, Version=4.0.0.0, Culture=neutral, PublicKeyToken=b77a5c561934e089]].<CreateInitializationAction>b__e()
   at System.Data.Entity.Internal.InternalContext.PerformInitializationAction(System.Action)

Exception Info: System.Data.DataException
   at System.Data.Entity.Internal.InternalContext.PerformInitializationAction(System.Action)
   at System.Data.Entity.Internal.InternalContext.PerformDatabaseInitialization()
   at System.Data.Entity.Internal.LazyInternalContext.<InitializeDatabase>b__4(System.Data.Entity.Internal.InternalContext)
   at System.Data.Entity.Internal.RetryAction`1[[System.__Canon, mscorlib, Version=4.0.0.0, Culture=neutral, PublicKeyToken=b77a5c561934e089]].PerformAction(System.__Canon)
   at System.Data.Entity.Internal.LazyInternalContext.InitializeDatabaseAction(System.Action`1<System.Data.Entity.Internal.InternalContext>)
   at System.Data.Entity.Internal.LazyInternalContext.InitializeDatabase()
   at System.Data.Entity.Internal.InternalContext.GetEntitySetAndBaseTypeForType(System.Type)
   at System.Data.Entity.Internal.Linq.InternalSet`1[[System.__Canon, mscorlib, Version=4.0.0.0, Culture=neutral, PublicKeyToken=b77a5c561934e089]].Initialize()
   at System.Data.Entity.Internal.Linq.InternalSet`1[[System.__Canon, mscorlib, Version=4.0.0.0, Culture=neutral, PublicKeyToken=b77a5c561934e089]].get_InternalContext()
   at System.Data.Entity.Infrastructure.DbQuery`1[[System.__Canon, mscorlib, Version=4.0.0.0, Culture=neutral, PublicKeyToken=b77a5c561934e089]].System.Linq.IQueryable.get_Provider()
   at System.Linq.Queryable.Where[[System.__Canon, mscorlib, Version=4.0.0.0, Culture=neutral, PublicKeyToken=b77a5c561934e089]](System.Linq.IQueryable`1<System.__Canon>, System.Linq.Expressions.Expression`1<System.Func`2<System.__Canon,Boolean>>)
   at EEHA_Inspector.Model.LoadObvCollection+<Equips>d__4.MoveNext()
   at System.Runtime.CompilerServices.TaskAwaiter.ThrowForNonSuccess(System.Threading.Tasks.Task)
   at System.Runtime.CompilerServices.TaskAwaiter.HandleNonSuccessAndDebuggerNotification(System.Threading.Tasks.Task)
   at EEHA_Inspector.ViewModel.EquipRegVm+<Load>d__55.MoveNext()
   at System.Runtime.CompilerServices.AsyncMethodBuilderCore+<>c.<ThrowAsync>b__6_0(System.Object)
   at System.Windows.Threading.ExceptionWrapper.InternalRealCall(System.Delegate, System.Object, Int32)
   at System.Windows.Threading.ExceptionWrapper.TryCatchWhen(System.Object, System.Delegate, System.Object, Int32, System.Delegate)
   at System.Windows.Threading.DispatcherOperation.InvokeImpl()
   at System.Windows.Threading.DispatcherOperation.InvokeInSecurityContext(System.Object)
   at System.Threading.ExecutionContext.RunInternal(System.Threading.ExecutionContext, System.Threading.ContextCallback, System.Object, Boolean)
   at System.Threading.ExecutionContext.Run(System.Threading.ExecutionContext, System.Threading.ContextCallback, System.Object, Boolean)
   at System.Threading.ExecutionContext.Run(System.Threading.ExecutionContext, System.Threading.ContextCallback, System.Object)
   at MS.Internal.CulturePreservingExecutionContext.Run(MS.Internal.CulturePreservingExecutionContext, System.Threading.ContextCallback, System.Object)
   at System.Windows.Threading.DispatcherOperation.Invoke()
   at System.Windows.Threading.Dispatcher.ProcessQueue()
   at System.Windows.Threading.Dispatcher.WndProcHook(IntPtr, Int32, IntPtr, IntPtr, Boolean ByRef)
   at MS.Win32.HwndWrapper.WndProc(IntPtr, Int32, IntPtr, IntPtr, Boolean ByRef)
   at MS.Win32.HwndSubclass.DispatcherCallbackOperation(System.Object)
   at System.Windows.Threading.ExceptionWrapper.InternalRealCall(System.Delegate, System.Object, Int32)
   at System.Windows.Threading.ExceptionWrapper.TryCatchWhen(System.Object, System.Delegate, System.Object, Int32, System.Delegate)
   at System.Windows.Threading.Dispatcher.LegacyInvokeImpl(System.Windows.Threading.DispatcherPriority, System.TimeSpan, System.Delegate, System.Object, Int32)
   at MS.Win32.HwndSubclass.SubclassWndProc(IntPtr, Int32, IntPtr, IntPtr)
   at MS.Win32.UnsafeNativeMethods.DispatchMessage(System.Windows.Interop.MSG ByRef)
   at System.Windows.Threading.Dispatcher.PushFrameImpl(System.Windows.Threading.DispatcherFrame)
   at System.Windows.Threading.Dispatcher.PushFrame(System.Windows.Threading.DispatcherFrame)
   at System.Windows.Application.RunDispatcher(System.Object)
   at System.Windows.Application.RunInternal(System.Windows.Window)
   at System.Windows.Application.Run(System.Windows.Window)
   at EEHA_Inspector.App.Main()

UPDATE #2 - Windows Log Information
Fault bucket 129273820369, type 5
Event Name: CLR20r3
Response: Not available
Cab Id: 0

Problem signature:
P1: EEHA_Inspector.exe
P2: 1.0.0.0
P3: 58222f01
P4: System.Data
P5: 4.6.1586.0
P6: 575a1428
P7: 29fe
P8: 108
P9: System.Data.DataException
P10: 

Attached files:
\\?\C:\ProgramData\Microsoft\Windows\WER\Temp\WERCB7E.tmp.WERInternalMetadata.xml

These files may be available here:
C:\ProgramData\Microsoft\Windows\WER\ReportArchive\AppCrash_EEHA_Inspector.e_11252b12b7f6697437e3ba42fb9b6e25caa6b8_5e1d3f42_3a80d3bb

Analysis symbol: 
Rechecking for solution: 0
Report Id: 91f3e855-2996-40fe-b5fd-957527bbdc9d
Report Status: 0
Hashed bucket: f5ea3fa3886ba4e09d8362936de86fe8

UPDATE #2 -Application Error in Windows Log
Faulting application name: EEHA_Inspector.exe, version: 1.0.0.0, time stamp: 0x58222f01
Faulting module name: KERNELBASE.dll, version: 10.0.14393.0, time stamp: 0x57898e34
Exception code: 0xe0434352
Fault offset: 0x000d96c2
Faulting process id: 0x5458
Faulting application start time: 0x01d239ffc4803847
Faulting application path: C:\Users\agibson\AppData\Local\Apps\2.0\1RVHJ9WW.8JB\BDB4M51Q.L3R\eeha..tion_fe2d9ab6a328f11f_0001.0000_19df975805717e2b\EEHA_Inspector.exe
Faulting module path: C:\Windows\System32\KERNELBASE.dll
Report Id: 91f3e855-2996-40fe-b5fd-957527bbdc9d
Faulting package full name: 
Faulting package-relative application ID: 

UPDATE 3 ===================================================
OnModelOveride in the DbContext
namespace EEHA_Inspector.Model
{

    /// <summary>
    /// Database Definition.
    /// </summary>
    public class EEHA_DbContext : DbContext
    {
...............
/// <summary>
        /// Fluent API - Entity Building Configuration. Used to define extra conditions when building the model.
        /// These are more powerful than data annotations but also more complex.
        /// </summary>
        /// <param name="modelBuilder"></param>
        protected override void OnModelCreating(DbModelBuilder modelBuilder)
        {
            /* FLUENT API MODEL OVERIDE - INTERMEDIARY TABLES
             *  Creates an intermediate mapping tables to hold many-to-many relationships between
             *  two tables. This is since one table can have multiple objects from another table.
             *  This intermediate table is used just as a look up table.
             *  Although its a look up table, databases must be configured to show the link two ways 
             *  since its not possible to have a many-to-many unidirectional relationship.
             *  By mapping these intermediary table; the lookup table stays clear of the relationship;
             *  while this intermediary table handles the needed mapping to make it possible.
             *  E.g. An Equip object contains a collection of Protections; while a Protection
             *  does not contain any reference to an Equip; since this is handled in a 3rd mapping table,
             *  created by these Fluent API model builder commands. */

            // Equipment Many-To-Many Look Up to ProtectionCodes
            modelBuilder.Entity<Equip>()
            .HasMany(e => e.Protections)
            .WithMany()
            .Map(x =>
            {
                x.MapLeftKey("EquipId");
                x.MapRightKey("ProtectionId");
                x.ToTable("EquipMapToProtections");
            });

            // InspectCheck Many-To-Many Look Up to InspectGrades
            modelBuilder.Entity<InspectCheck>()
            .HasMany(i => i.InspectGrades)
            .WithMany()
            .Map(x =>
            {
                x.MapLeftKey("InspectCheckId");
                x.MapRightKey("InspectGradeId");
                x.ToTable("InspectCheckMapToInspectGrades");
            });
        }

    }
}

UPDATE 3.1
Initialiser Setup
    /// <summary>
    /// Interaction logic for App.xaml
    /// </summary>
    public partial class App : Application
    {
        public App()
        {
            // Set the database initializer
            Database.SetInitializer<EEHA_DbContext>(new EEHA_DbInit());
        }
}

SEED OVERIDE
#if DEBUG
#define DESTROY_DB_ONSTART //TODO remove when development progresses. Will make the database get dropped upon every start up
#endif
namespace EEHA_Inspector.Model
{
    /// <summary>
    /// Custom Initialiser for the HA Database.
    /// Set the initialiliser in the App.xaml.cs class contructor (make one if not there).
    ///  <code>Database.SetInitializer<EEHA_DbContext>(new EEHA_DbInit());</code>
    /// </summary>
#if DESTROY_DB_ONSTART
    class EEHA_DbInit : DropCreateDatabaseAlways<EEHA_DbContext>
#else
    class EEHA_DbInit : CreateDatabaseIfNotExists<EEHA_DbContext>
#endif
    {

#if DESTROY_DB_ONSTART
        /// <summary>
        /// Overide the Initialize to force a close of all connections when in testing
        /// </summary>
        /// <param name="Db">The DbContext to operate on.</param>
        public override void InitializeDatabase(EEHA_DbContext Db)
        {
#if DEBUG
            this.KillAllConnections(Db);
#endif
            base.InitializeDatabase(Db);
        }
#endif

        protected override void Seed(EEHA_DbContext Db)
        {
.....changes to Db
Db.SaveChanges();
base.Seed(Db);
Db.SaveChanges(); //TODO needed?
}

UPDATE 4 - Using DbConfig
Earlier today i ran the SQLExpress install manually and just went with the defaults for all options.
I've converted to DbConfig based on what i could find on the msdn update. This works again in visual studio. Making the Db at the name i gave to the DbContext Constructor.
Just to be sure i uninstalled the programs ClickOnce install. Reinstalled. When i was fiddling earlier i noticed this, but i now get a dialog box saying "Cannot Start Application || Application cannot be started. Contact the application Vendor". Unlike earlier where the app would run and then crash. This new way gives me no custom exception log, but i do get details shown below:
Cannot Start Application Error - Details button .log
PLATFORM VERSION INFO
    Windows             : 10.0.14393.0 (Win32NT)
    Common Language Runtime     : 4.0.30319.42000
    System.Deployment.dll       : 4.6.1586.0 built by: NETFXREL2
    clr.dll             : 4.6.1586.0 built by: NETFXREL2
    dfdll.dll           : 4.6.1586.0 built by: NETFXREL2
    dfshim.dll          : 10.0.14393.0 (rs1_release.160715-1616)

SOURCES
    Deployment url          : file:///C:/TempPath/EEHA/EEHA_Inspector.application

IDENTITIES
    Deployment Identity     : EEHA_Inspector.application, Version=1.0.0.17, Culture=neutral, PublicKeyToken=fe2d9ab6a328f11f, processorArchitecture=msil

APPLICATION SUMMARY
    * Installable application.

ERROR SUMMARY
    Below is a summary of the errors, details of these errors are listed later in the log.
    * Activation of C:\TempPath\EEHA\EEHA_Inspector.application resulted in exception. Following failure messages were detected:
        + External component has thrown an exception.

COMPONENT STORE TRANSACTION FAILURE SUMMARY
    No transaction error was detected.

WARNINGS
    There were no warnings during this operation.

OPERATION PROGRESS STATUS
    * [9/11/2016 8:03:58 PM] : Activation of C:\TempPath\EEHA\EEHA_Inspector.application has started.
    * [9/11/2016 8:03:58 PM] : Processing of deployment manifest has successfully completed.

ERROR DETAILS
    Following errors were detected during this operation.
    * [9/11/2016 8:03:58 PM] System.Runtime.InteropServices.SEHException
        - External component has thrown an exception.
        - Source: System.Deployment
        - Stack trace:
            at System.Deployment.Internal.Isolation.IStateManager.Scavenge(UInt32 Flags, UInt32& Disposition)
            at System.Deployment.Application.ComponentStore.SubmitStoreTransaction(StoreTransactionContext storeTxn, SubscriptionState subState)
            at System.Deployment.Application.ComponentStore.SetPendingDeployment(SubscriptionState subState, DefinitionIdentity deployId, DateTime checkTime)
            at System.Deployment.Application.SubscriptionStore.SetLastCheckTimeToNow(SubscriptionState subState)
            at System.Deployment.Application.ApplicationActivator.PerformDeploymentActivation(Uri activationUri, Boolean isShortcut, String textualSubId, String deploymentProviderUrlFromExtension, BrowserSettings browserSettings, String& errorPageUrl)
            at System.Deployment.Application.ApplicationActivator.ActivateDeploymentWorker(Object state)

COMPONENT STORE TRANSACTION DETAILS
    * Transaction at [9/11/2016 8:03:58 PM]
        + System.Deployment.Internal.Isolation.StoreOperationSetDeploymentMetadata
            - Status: Set
            - HRESULT: 0x0
        + System.Deployment.Internal.Isolation.StoreTransactionOperationType (27)
            - HRESULT: 0x0

Db Context Constructor
public EEHA_DbContext() : base("TestEEHACodeDb")
    {

    }

The DbConfig Class
namespace EEHA_Inspector.Model
{
    public class EEHA_DbConfig : DbConfiguration
    {
        public EEHA_DbConfig()
        {
            SetExecutionStrategy("System.Data.SqlClient", () => new SqlAzureExecutionStrategy());
            SetDefaultConnectionFactory(new LocalDbConnectionFactory("v11.0"));
        }
    }
}

App.config Removed connection string. Do i remove more?
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<configuration>
  <configSections>
    <!-- For more information on Entity Framework configuration, visit http://go.microsoft.com/fwlink/?LinkID=237468 -->
    <section name="entityFramework" type="System.Data.Entity.Internal.ConfigFile.EntityFrameworkSection, EntityFramework, Version=6.0.0.0, Culture=neutral, PublicKeyToken=b77a5c561934e089" requirePermission="false" />
  </configSections>
  <!--<connectionStrings>
    <add name="EEHA_Inspector.Properties.Settings.EEHA_Inspector_Model_EEHA_DbContextConnectionString"
      connectionString="Data Source=(localdb)\MSSQLLocalDB;Initial Catalog=EEHA_Inspector.Model.EEHA_DbContext;Integrated Security=True"
      providerName="System.Data.SqlClient" />
    --><!--<add name="EEHA_Inspector.Properties.Settings.EEHA_Inspector_Model_EEHA_DbContextConnectionString"
     connectionString="Data Source=./SQLEXPRESS;Initial Catalog=EEHA_Inspector.Model.EEHA_DbContext;Integrated Security=True"
     providerName="System.Data.SqlClient" />--><!--
  </connectionStrings>-->
  <startup>
    <supportedRuntime version="v4.0" sku=".NETFramework,Version=v4.5.2" />
  </startup>
  <entityFramework>
    <defaultConnectionFactory type="System.Data.Entity.Infrastructure.LocalDbConnectionFactory, EntityFramework">
    <!--<defaultConnectionFactory type="System.Data.Entity.Infrastructure.SqlConnectionFactory, EntityFramework">-->
      <parameters>
        <parameter value="mssqllocaldb" />
      </parameters>
    </defaultConnectionFactory>
    <providers>
      <provider invariantName="System.Data.SqlClient" type="System.Data.Entity.SqlServer.SqlProviderServices, EntityFramework.SqlServer" />
    </providers>
  </entityFramework>
</configuration>

SOLUTION/ / WRAP UP
Thanks to grek40. Particularly his exception catching code. This allowed me to start making changes to find the errors. Prior to that, the windows logs didn't help at all. 
What put me past the hurdle was using the DbContext definition he suggested. For some reason using the default DbContext constructor and a connection string seemed to make ClickOnce install expect to find an mdf file; even though attaching one wasn't specified.
The exception catch code also allowed my my debugging in release mode to find some odd exceptions (once that didn't apply to debug mode, or that made any sense to me). I've now turned off the offending code so i could proceed; the click once install now works.

A:

I want to make sure that you actually do everything possible to catch and log the occuring exception.
Make sure to register an exception handler in App.xaml with DispatcherUnhandledException
<Application
    x:Class="[Your Stuff]"
    DispatcherUnhandledException="Application_DispatcherUnhandledException">
</Application>

Implement some logging in the handler (inside App.xaml.cs). It should be something that summarizes the exception messages of all inner exceptions as well as their stack traces. Just write that information to some sort of log file (C:\Temp\MyAppCrashes.log in my example).
private void Application_DispatcherUnhandledException(object sender, DispatcherUnhandledExceptionEventArgs e)
{
    var sb = new StringBuilder();

    AppendExceptionMessages(sb, e.Exception);
    AppendExceptionStacktraces(sb, e.Exception);

    File.AppendAllText(@"C:\Temp\MyAppCrashes.log", sb.ToString());
}

private void AppendExceptionMessages(StringBuilder sb, Exception e)
{
    while (e != null)
    {
        sb.AppendLine("============== Exception ===============").AppendLine(e.Message);
        e = e.InnerException;
    }
}
private void AppendExceptionStacktraces(StringBuilder sb, Exception e)
{
    while (e != null)
    {
        sb.AppendLine("======== Exception Stacktrace ==========").AppendLine(e.StackTrace);
        e = e.InnerException;
    }
}

I hope this reveals some more information, if it's not enough, make sure to register a Startup handler in App.xaml instead of a StartupUri. In the startup, before creating any window, create an instance of your db context, call db.Database.Exists() and db.Database.Initialize(true), make sure to check the Exists return value and wrap the calls in try-catch. Ofcourse, write logging details if any exception is caught.
So far for now, hope you find anything with that approach.

