The Rise of the Police State and the Absence of Mass Opposition

Introduction:

One of the most significant political developments in recent US history has been the virtually unchallenged rise of the police state. Despite the vast expansion of the police powers of the Executive Branch of government, the extraordinary growth of an entire panoply of repressive agencies, with hundreds of thousands of personnel, and enormous public and secret budgets and the vast scope of police state surveillance, including the acknowledged monitoring of over 40 million US citizens and residents, no mass pro-democracy movement has emerged to confront the powers and prerogatives or even protest the investigations of the police state.
In the early fifties, when the McCarthyite purges were accompanied by restrictions on free speech, compulsory loyalty oaths and congressional witch hunt investigations of public officials, cultural figures , intellectuals, academics and trade unionists, such police state measures provoked widespread public debate and protests and even institutional resistance. By the end of the 1950s mass demonstrations were held at the sites of the public hearings of the House Un-American Activities Committee (HUAC) in San Francisco (1960) and elsewhere and major civil rights movements arose to challenge the racially segregated South, the compliant Federal government and the terrorist racist death squads of the Ku Klux Klan (KKK). The Free Speech Movement in Berkeley (1964) ignited nationwide mass demonstrations against the authoritarian-style university governance.
The police state incubated during the first years of the Cold War was challenged by mass movements pledged to retain or regain democratic freedoms and civil rights.
Key to understanding the rise of mass movements for democratic freedoms was their fusion with broader social and cultural movements: democratic freedoms were linked to the struggle for racial equality; free speech was necessary in order to organize a mass movement against the imperial US Indo-Chinese wars and widespread racial segregation; the shutting down of Congressional witch hunts and purges opened up the cultural sphere to new and critical voices and revitalized the trade unions and professional associations. All were seen as critical to protecting hard-won workers rights and social advances.
In the face of mass opposition, many of the overt police state tactics of the 1950s went underground and were replaced by covert operations; selective state violence against individuals replaced mass purges. The popular pro-democracy movements strengthened civil society and public hearings exposed and weakened the police state apparatus, but it did not go away. However, from the early 1980s to the present, especially over the past 20 years, the police state has expanded dramatically, penetrating all aspects of civil society while arousing no sustained or even sporadic mass opposition.
The question is why has the police state grown and even exceeded the boundaries of previous periods of repression and yet not provoked any sustained mass opposition? This is in contrast to the broad-based pro-democracy movements of the mid to late 20th century. That a massive and growing police state apparatus exists is beyond doubt: one simply has to look up the published records of personnel (both public agents and private contractors), the huge budgets and scores of agencies involved in internal spying on tens of millions of American citizens and residents. The scope and depth of arbitrary police state measures taken include arbitrary detention and interrogations, entrapment and the blacklisting of hundreds of thousands of US citizens. Presidential fiats have established the framework for the assassination of US citizens and residents, military tribunals, detention camps and the seizure of private property.
Yet as these gross violations of the constitutional order have taken place and as each police state agency has further eroded our democratic freedoms, there have been no massive anti-Homeland Security movements, no campus Free Speech movements’. There are only the isolated and courageous voices of specialized civil liberties and constitutional freedoms activists and organizations, which speak out and raise legal challenges to the abuse, but have virtually no mass base and no objective coverage in the mass media.
To address this issue of mass inactivity before the rise of the police state, we will approach the topic from two angles.
We will describe how the organizers and operatives have structured the police state and how that has neutralized mass responses.
We will then discuss the meaning of non-activity, setting out several hypotheses about the underlying motives and behavior of the passive mass of citizens.

The Concentric Circles of the Police State

While the potential reach of the police state agencies covers the entire US population, in fact, it operates on the basis of concentric circles. The police state is perceived and experienced by the US population according to the degree of their involvement in critical opposition to state policies. While the police state theoretically affects everyone, in practice it operates through a series of concentric circles. The inner core, of approximately several million citizens, is the sector of the population experiencing the brunt of the police state persecution. They include the most critical, active citizens, especially those identified by the police state as sharing religious and ethnic identities with declared foreign enemies, critics or alleged terrorists. These include immigrants and citizens of Arab, Persian, Pakistani, Afghan and Somali descent, as well as American converts to Islam.
Ethnic and religious profiling is rife in all transport centers (airports, bus and train stations and on the highways). Mosques, Islamic charities and foundations are under constant surveillance and subject to raids, entrapment, arrests, and even Israeli-style targeted assassinations.
The second core group, targeted by the police state, includes African Americans, Hispanics and immigration rights activists (numbering in the millions). They are subject to massive arbitrary sweeps, round-ups and unlimited detention without trial as well as mass indiscriminate deportations.
After the core groups is the inner circle which includes millions of US citizens and residents, who have written or spoken critically of US and Israeli policy in the Middle East, expressed solidarity with the suffering of the Palestinian people, opposed US invasions of Iraq and Afghanistan or have visited countries or regions opposed to US empire building (Venezuela, Iran, South Lebanon, Syria, the West Bank and Gaza, etc.). Hundreds of thousands of these citizens have their telephone, e-mail and Internet communications under surveillance; they have been targeted in airports, denied passports, subject to visits and to covert and overt blacklisting at their schools and workplaces.
Activists engaged in civil liberties groups, lawyers, and professionals, leftists engaged in anti-Imperialist, pro-democracy and anti-police state activities and their publications are on file in the massive police state labyrinth of data collecting on political terrorists. Environmental movements and their activists have been treated as potential terrorists  with their own family members subjected to police harassment and ominous visits.
The outer circle includes, community, civic, religious and trade union leaders and activists who, in the course of their activity interact with or even express support for core and inner circle critics and victims of police state violations of due process. The outer circle numbering a few million citizens are on file as persons of interest, which may involve monitoring their e-mail and periodic checks on their petition signing and defense appeals. These three circles are the central targets of the police state, numbering upward of 40 million US citizens and immigrants – who have not committed any crime. For having exercised their constitutional rights, they have been subjected to various degrees of police state repression and harassment.
The police state, however, has fluid boundaries about whom to spy on, whom to arrest and when – depending on whatever arouses the apparatchiks suspicion or desire to exercise power or please their superiors at any given moment. The key to the police state operations of the US in the 21st century is to repress pro-democracy citizens and pre-empt any mass movement without undermining the electoral system, which provides political theater and legitimacy. A police state boundary is constructed to ensure that citizens will have little option but to vote for the two pro-police state parties, legislatures and executives without reference to the conduct, conditions and demands of the core, inner and outer circle of victims, critics and activists. Frequent raids, harsh public exemplary punishment and mass media stigmatization transmit a message to the passive mass of voters and non-voters that the victims of repression must have been doing something wrong or else they would not be under police state repression.
The key to the police state strategy is to not allow its critics to gain a mass base, popular legitimacy or public acceptance. The state and the media constantly drum the message that the activists causes are not our (American, patriotic) causes; that their pro-democracy activities impede our electoral activities; their lives, wisdom and experiences do not touch our workplaces, neighborhoods, sports, religious and civic associations. To the degree that the police-state has fenced in the inner circles of the pro-democracy activists, they have attained a free hand and uncontested reach in deepening and extending the boundaries of the authoritarian state. To the degree that the police state rationale or presence has penetrated the consciousness of the mass of the US population, it has created a mighty barrier to the linking of private discontent with public action.

Hypothesis on Mass Complicity and Acquiescence with the Police State

If the police-state is now the dominant reality of US political life, why isn’t it at the center of citizen concern? Why are there no pro-democracy popular movements? How has the police state been so successful in fencing off the activists from the vast majority of US citizens? After all, other countries at other times have faced even more repressive regimes and yet the citizens rebelled. In the past, despite the so-called Soviet threat, pro-democracy movements emerged in the US and even rolled back a burgeoning police state. Why does the evocation of an outside Islamic terrorist threat seem to incapacitate our citizens today? Or does it?
There is no simple, single explanation for the passivity of the US citizens faced with a rising omnipotent police state. Their motives are complex and changing and it is best to examine them in some detail.
One explanation for passivity is that precisely the power and pervasiveness of the police state has created deep fear, especially among people with family obligations, vulnerable employment and with moderate commitments to democratic freedoms. This group of citizens is aware of cases where police powers have affected other citizens who were involved in critical activities, causing job loss and broad suffering and are not willing to sacrifice their security and the welfare of their families for what they believe is a losing cause  a movement lacking a strong popular base and with little institutional support. Only when the protest against the Wall Street bailout and the  Occupy Wall Street  movements against the 1% gained momentum, did this sector express transitory support. But as the Office of the President consummated the bailout and the police-state crushed the Occupy encampments, fear and caution led many sympathizers to withdraw timidly back into passivity.
The second motive for acquiescence among a substantial public is because they tend to support the police state, based on their acceptance of the anti-terror ideology and its virulent anti-Muslim-anti-Arab racism, driven in large part by influential sectors of pro-Israel opinion makers. The fear and loathing of Muslims, cultivated by the police state and mass media, was central to the post-9/11 build-up of Homeland Security and the serial wars against Israel s adversaries, including Iraq , Lebanon , Libya and now Syria with plans for Iran . Active support for the police state peaked during the first 5 years post- 9/11 and subsequently ebbed as the Wall Street-induced economic crisis, loss of employment and the failures of government policy propelled concerns about the economy far ahead of support for the police state. Nevertheless, at least one-third of the electorate still supports the police state, right or wrong. They firmly believe that the police state protects their security; that suspects, arrestees, and others under watch must have been doing something illegal. The most ardent backers of the police state are found among the rabid anti-immigrant groups who support arbitrary round-ups, mass deportations and the expansion of police powers at the expense of constitutional guarantees.
The third possible motive for acquiescence in the police state is ignorance: those millions of US citizens who are not aware of the size, scope and activities of the police state. Their practical behavior speaks to the notion that since I am not directly affected it must not exist. Embedded in everyday life, making a living, enjoying leisure time, entertainment, sports, family, neighborhoods and concerned only about household budgets. This mass is so embedded in their personal micro-world that it considers the macro-economic and political issues raised by the police state as distant, outside of their experience or interest: I don’t have time, I don’t know enough, It’s all politics. The widespread apoliticism of the US public plays into its ignoring the monster that has grown in its midst.
Paradoxically as some peoples concerns and passive discontent over the economy has grown, it has lessened support for the police state as well as having lessened opposition to it. In other words the police state flourishes while public discontent is focused more on the economic institutions of the state and society. Few, if any, contemporary political leaders educate their constituency by connecting the rise of the police state, imperial wars and Wall Street to the everyday economic issues concerning most US citizens. The fragmentation of issues, the separation of the economic from the political and the divorce of political concerns from individual ones, allow the police state to stand above and outside of the popular consciousness , concerns and activities.
State-sponsored fear mongering on behalf of the police state is amplified and popularized by the mass media on a daily basis via propagandistic-news, anti-terrorist detective programs, Hollywoods decades of crass anti-Arab, Islamophobic films. The mass media portrayal of the police states naked violations of democratic rights as normal and necessary in a milieu infiltrated by Muslim terrorists, where feckless liberals(defenders of due process and the Bill of Rights) threaten national security, has been effective.
Ideologically, the police state depends on identifying the expansion of police powers with national security of the passive silent majority, even as it creates profound insecurity for an active, critical minority. The self-serving identification of the nation and the flag with the police state apparatus is especially prominent during mass spectacles where rock, schlock and sports infuse mass entertainment with solemn Pledges of Allegiance to uphold and respect the police state and busty be-wigged young women wail nasally versions of the national anthem to thunderous applause. Wounded warriors are trotted out and soldiers rigid in their dress uniforms salute enormous flags, while the message transmitted is that police state at home works hand in hand with our men and women in uniform abroad. The police state is presented as a patriotic extension of the wars abroad and as such both impose necessary constraints on citizen opposition, public criticism and any real forthright defense of freedom.

Conclusion: What is to be done?

The ascendancy of the police state has benefited enormously from the phony bi-partisan de-politicization of repressive legislation, and the fragmentation of socio-economic struggles from democratic dissent. The mass anti-war movements of the early 1990s and 2001-2003 were undermined (sold-out) by the defection of its leaders to the Democratic Party machine and its electoral agenda. The massive popular immigration movement was taken over by Mexican-American political opportunists from the Democratic Party and decimated while the same Democratic Party, under President Barack Obama, has escalated police state repression against immigrants, expelling millions of Latino immigrant workers and their families.
Historical experience teaches us that a successful struggle against an emerging police state depends on the linking of the socio-economic struggles that engage the attention of the masses of citizens with the pro-democracy, pro-civil liberty, free speech movements of the middle classes. The deepening economic crisis, the savage cuts in living standards and working conditions and the fight to save sacred social programs (like Social Security and Medicare) have to be tied in with the expansion of the police state. A mass social justice movement, which brings together thousands of anti-Wall Streeters, millions of pro-Medicare, Social Security and Medicaid recipients with hundreds of thousands of immigrant workers will inevitably clash with the bloated police-state apparatus. Freedom is essential to the struggle for social justice and the mass struggle for social justice is the only basis for rolling back the police state. The hope is that mass economic pain will ignite mass activity, which, in turn, will make people aware of the dangerous growth of the police state. A mass understanding of this link will be essential to any advance in the movement for democracy and people’s welfare at home and peace abroad.

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Phantestron

You say that in the 35 years the American police state has grown dramatically. This fact has resulted in upwards of 40 million Americans suffering in various ways from this growth. But you make no reference to specific facts to support this contention, a contention central to your interesting article. I would have thought that within this 40 million would be included a number of writers who attempt to expose the workings of this police state. People like Chomesky, Wise, Fisk, Pilger, St. Clair, Whitney, and Goodman for example. And of course many other people besides. But have there been any reports of such people being harassed by the police state? I would have thought one would have heard of such reports if the police state is acting as you say. I am leaving aside cases like Snowden, Assange and Abu-Jamal for obvious reasons.

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Sep 14, 2016 3:13 AM

Emidio Borg

three words; Fructose Corn Syrup.
Americans pour gallons of it down their fat necks every day and its rotted their Brains.

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Sep 11, 2016 5:49 PM

Jen

One factor which I know will have been mentioned on many websites that have also tried to address why there’ve been no mass opposition movements in recent times is that over the decades we have lost the knowledge and ability to organise new groups or cells from which new movements might arise. Repression and surveillance by governments and so-called law and order agencies have much to do with this loss but also another significant factor must be the way in which concepts of group formation, the training and development of leaders, how people co-operate in groups, issues of motivation, and setting goals and agendas among other things – and the language associated with group formation and maintenance – have all come to be usurped, dominated and owned by the very corporations that work hand in hand with governments to dominate us.
If what I mentioned above sounds just like corporate gobbledygook to a lot of readers, then that just shows how thoroughly brainwashed we’ve all become.
I am sure there are other factors too numerous to mention that the article authors may have touched or side-swiped as well, all enmeshed in some way: the co-optation and commodification of global youth subcultures and other non-mainstream subcultures; the growth and crystallisation of identity-based movements into categories obsessed with self-interests and self-identification as victims of discrimination; and the development and use of media technologies and media outlets to trace, capture and define subcultures and non-mainstream movements into groups to be exploited for profit.
Once upon a time, some of us actually did believe rock’n’roll, psychedelia, hip hop, reggae, trance music and other music subcultures had the power to change people’s consciousness for the better; now we look back and see what has happened to these subcultures, now that they have joined mainstream society, and we shudder.

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Sep 11, 2016 1:57 PM

Lumpy Gravy

… have all come to be usurped, dominated and owned
by the very corporations that work hand in hand
with governments to dominate us.

… the co-optation and commodification of global
youth subcultures and other non-mainstream
subcultures

But before that could happen people’s memories had to be wiped clean of recent history. The corporate media has been smearing 60s counter culture for a long time in a well orchestrated campaign that aims to distort the history of the Civil Rights Movement, Black Panthers, Anti-War Movements, Student Movements, Hippies etc. And since it’s not an easy task to manipulate people’s memories we’ve had this constant trickle of spin, manipulation, lies and ridicule about the 1960s. As a result, most of today’s under 40 year olds know next to nothing about these movements, the ideas behind them and the energy that drove them. But when one knows what these movements were about and how their impact was at the time, then it becomes clear why governments and the global business class are trying to rewrite history: Such a loss of control shall never happen again! That’s why. After all, in 1968 striking workers and protesting students even managed to drive de Gaulle temporally out of the country and to make the French government resign.
But of course it is also true that it wasn’t all peace, love and happiness then. There were a lot of opportunists riding the Hippie/Yippie wave who either didn’t ‘get it’, didn’t share any of its values or worse, who used it for the benefit of their own little persona. I guess that at some time or other the majority of the Blair cabinet fell into this category as well as many of today’s most reactionary journalists, columnists, authors etc. Fake people.
So, we have to start all over again. And since the original article is about the rise of the police-state, here’s a little history lesson …Origins of the police
… that’ll hopefully turn boot-licking little underlings into angry fighting tigers 🙂

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Sep 11, 2016 11:15 PM

Secret Agent

It’s cause all the “liberals” are too busy teaching the kids how to be gay.
Seriously, it’s the left that’s supposed to oppose this stuff but the left only exists as a bunch of snowflake social justice warriors.
There’s an interesting shift in society though, opposition to this police state NWO bullshit is beginning to come from the Right, who had been the traditional champions of authoritarianism and imperialism.
But if you look back at the right of the pre war era, they were anti war, anti Wall Street, and isolationist. I think this is where the backlash to the current insanity will come from.
That’s why all these citizens rights parties are sweeping away the old guard, especially in Europe.

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Sep 11, 2016 6:33 AM

Owen

Great article.
This is what 911 was used for, and they have done an impeccable job.
Good luck waking the sheep up and somehow putting this toothpaste back in the tube.

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Sep 11, 2016 12:09 AM

johnschoneboom

Thanks for this. I think we need a lot more highlighting of the growing police state, people’s perceptions of it and justifications for it, and generally the way political/social reality is constructed, sold, and accepted. Reality is narrative. War mongering abroad and police states at home are ultimately based on the assertion of a terrorism narrative substantially woven out of fiction and propaganda. It seems to me this is nothing less than gaslighting on a cultural scale. We need to attack the problem from multiple perspectives. If anyone is interested in the role of art and literature in activism, that’s my research area and here’s something I wrote about the role of surrealism in contesting falsified realities:http://www.surrealpolitik.org/posts/view/19