Liberty Ammunition—Civil Defense Line Review

Liberty Ammunition recently reintroduced its Civil Defense line of ammunition in new packaging.

Liberty Ammunition recently reintroduced its Civil Defense line of ammunition in new packaging. Coinciding with the new packaging, the line was extended to include 380 Auto. Another notable change is that the 45 ACP load is now labeled as a +P load. These two loadings join the previously released 9mm +P and 40 S&W to complete the Civil Defense line-up.

Liberty proclaims the Civil Defense line to be the “World’s Fastest Handgun Rounds”. Published velocities range from 1500 feet per second for the 380 Auto up to a blistering 2000 feet per second for the 9mm +P and 40 S&W. Last year, I tested the 9mm and 40 S&W just after they were introduced (as Halo Point) and verified velocities exceeding 2100 feet per second from both loads when fired from 4.5” service length barrels. I was very curious to see how the Civil Defense bullets would perform at the lower velocities published for the 380 and 45.

I pulled and cross-sectioned a 45 bullet so you can see how much of the bullet interior is hollow.

I’m sure you are wondering what kind of magic Liberty uses to generate such extraordinary velocities from their ammunition. Put simply, Liberty has reduced their projectile weights to less than half of a traditional lead core and copper jacketed hollow point bullet. They machine their bullets from solid copper and nickel plate them to give them their distinctive silver bullet look. I pulled and cross-sectioned a 45 bullet so you can see how much of the bullet interior is hollow.

What I found most interesting about the Civil Defense ammunition is the recoil the shooter feels when firing. While it isn’t possible to cheat the laws of physics, it is possible to use them in your favor. Liberty has done exactly that by reducing the bullet weight and driving up the speed. Allow me some latitude and I’ll present an example. I’m warning you now that the math won’t be perfect, but it will explain the concept and demonstrate why Civil Defense is different than traditional ammunition.

The lighter and faster Civil Defense generates 30% less recoil than the heavier and slower Critical Duty.

Comparing the rough recoil estimates, the lighter and faster Civil Defense generates 30% less recoil than the heavier and slower Critical Duty. Comparing muzzle energy, the Civil Defense delivers 30% more muzzle energy than Critical Duty. All calculations are based on manufacturer muzzle velocity estimates. Having tested both loads in a 4.5” barrel, I can attest that the velocity claims are accurate.

With a better understanding of how Liberty Civil Defense is different from traditional hollow point bullets, it was time to hit the range for some in-depth terminal testing.

The Civil Defense 380 Auto was very pleasant to shoot and functioned perfectly in both test pistols, but the lower velocity and introduction of clothing barriers kept this load from performing as designed.

Test Highlights:

The Civil Defense 380 Auto was very pleasant to shoot and functioned perfectly in both test pistols. The 1500 feet per second published velocity proved to be overly optimistic in our test pistols. The lower velocity and introduction of clothing barriers kept this load from performing as designed. We experienced incomplete fragmentation in the light clothing test, and complete fragmentation failure in the heavy clothing test.

On the other hand, the 45 ACP +P load performed really well. The load easily exceeded published velocity specification.

On the other hand, the 45 ACP +P load performed really well. The load easily exceeded published velocity specification by a healthy margin from our 4.5” test barrel. Both test pistols demonstrated flawless feeding and extraction with the Civil Defense ammunition. Both test shots performed as designed and created enormous temporary stretch cavities while demonstrating complete fragmentation.

Civil Defense offers two undeniable advantages over traditional jacketed hollow-point ammunition. The first advantage was previously discussed in my crude recoil comparison versus traditional ammunition. Less recoil could lead to faster recovery time between shots. The second advantage is a significant weight reduction versus traditional ammunition. The picture below shows a weight difference of 4.5 ounces between a Glock 21 magazine loaded to 13-round capacity with Civil Defense 78 grain and the same magazine loaded with the same number of 230 grain Gold Dot hollow point cartridges. For those who carry a spare magazine or two, this weight reduction could be significant.

I think I understand the concept behind Liberty’s Civil Defense Ammunition. The high speed, and high energy, bullets create an exceptionally large temporary stretch cavity when they hit the gel block. Due to the fragmenting nature of the Civil Defense bullet, the fragments radiate off the temporary stretch cavity and leave behind permanent damage. Unlike traditional hollow-point bullets, Civil Defense adds some level of permanence to the temporary stretch damage. Civil Defense also has a deeper penetrating base component that behaves much like a traditional jacketed hollow-point bullet.

Is Civil Defense a better choice for personal defense? The truth is that I do not know. My expertise starts and ends with structured testing and reporting the information discovered during testing. I have no expertise in comparing the potential terminal effectiveness of one ammunition type versus another. As mentioned in the test video, real world performance feedback is required before making that judgment.

Disclaimer….This test should not be considered an endorsement or recommendation for the product(s) tested. All tests represent actual performance in ballistics testing media. Terminal performance in all other media will show different results. It is up to each individual to make his own personal decision on which specific ammunition to use for their needs. It’s also critically important to test any ammunition in YOUR SPECIFIC FIREARM before relying on it for any purpose.

Ammunition labeled as +P or +P+ should only be used in firearms that have been certified by the manufacturer as safe for the additional pressures generated by these ammunition types.

I purchased a box of Liberty Self Defense in .357 thinking I was buying the best personal defense round I could get without worrying about the round going through a wall and killing my neighbor. As a test I taped 4 ,1/4 ” pieces of plywood together and fastened them to my backstop. I fired 3 rounds and was extremely upset to see that all 3 rounds went through the 1 inch of plywood, 3/4 ” chipboard and a 2×4 and kept on going. If anyone out there bought these thinking they were buying “safe” ammo I suggest you do your own testing. I gave my plywood to my dealer and suggested strongly he stop selling these bullets immediately.

I just bought a couple 20 round boxes of this .380 ammo. I tried to install the bullets in my brand new ProMag and they jam up. Looking at the bullets, the case is squeezed around the bullet causing a ripple in it. This ripple is causing the bullet to jam in the mag. Happened with the first bullet and at the 3rd bullet, that was it. Had to take the mag apart to remove the bullets. Ammo shop debating about refunding my money. Wants me to return said ammo to manufacturer. Yeah, right!!

I recently bought several ProMag .380 magazines for my Ruger LCP. Every one of the magazines performs badly in the LCP. I had no issues with the Ruger magazines. I plan on trying the Liberty Civil Defense ammo, but will not be putting anything in my ProMag magazines again.

just purchased a box of liberty 38Special civil defense for use in my ruger sp100357 chambered in 357. I have not fired them yet. I did not see any ballistics for use of 38s in this blog. Any concerns before I shoot?

I real world tested this ammo against a car door, windshield and drywall. It performed exactly as designed. It will penetrate any substrate, remain intact until it hits soft tissue, then expand and fragment. That is what makes this ammo so attractive. It’s not pre fragmented.
Benefits
1) reduced recoil, faster follow up shots
2) more terminal energy
3) reduced carry weight (anyone that carries can appreciate this)
4) the ammo will penetrate a barrier and then fragment.
5) one round in the torso and your going to hit a vital organ because of the fragmentation.

You forgot one very significant advantage: Should some very stupid, unlucky SOB end up on the wrong end of one (or more) of these, presumably because they picked the wrong guy to rob, attack, or otherwise unlawfully attempt some random act of violence against said guy, at the very least, they would not die from lead poisoning! Nor would the unsuspecting ME, while picking out the shrapnel from said SOB, be subjected to heavy-metal poisoning. This could always be used as the “Green Defense,” lest some overzealous prosecutor decide to charge the intended victim with using fragmenting bullets against the (now demised) criminal perpetrator of said (hypothetical) attack.

Great Review – well conducted. I am by no means testing to FBI standards but have since purchased some of the Civil Defense and trialed it on my own range. My test platform was a Steyr M40-A1. There is a noticeable reduction in recoil. I’ve got the 12 round magazines – the reduced projectile weight means the gun feels like you’re carrying a mag that’s close to empty. When fired the report is quite high pitched and pronounced, more like a high-power rifle (based on the substantial muzzle velocity).

No Ballistic Gel was used, but milk jugs, dead trees and a few other nearby debris components. The Civil Defense seems to get penetration on-par with the heavier counterparts.

In response to the above argument which perpetuates the 9mm vs 40S&W vs 10MM vs 45ACP – that argument needs to fade away. The FBI lab testing is invalidating this entire dispute. FBI agents are returning to the 9mm Parabellum, typically in form of a Sig P229 Elite. Why the lighter/faster round versus the bigger/heavier load? In the past, yes over penetration was a real problem. This has been adjusted for by introduction of modern bullet design and improvements in manufacturing technology. The FBI testing (sorry, I don’t have link handy; but they have all research published) shows that the 9mm pills of today provide good penetration/expansion/energy commensurate to the larger counterparts. The damage done by a 9mm is on par with the heavier bullets simply because the bullet has evolved into a more effective delivery mechanism. The bonus of the 9mm is the smaller cartridge size; a similar frame gun can carry additional rounds compared to the larger counterpart. More felon-repellant with equal effectiveness. What a concept.

Back to our modern bullet design. Federal HST, Hornady XTP, Speer Gold Dot and many others are proven. Their designs have evolved just as I mentioned in my prior paragraph. Liberty Civil Defense rounds are an interesting concept. I love the way they shoot but just as the article states – we need a bit more real-world data to prove round effectiveness. On paper they are incredible, initial testing the 9, 40 and 45 look solid. The ‘answer’? Maybe.

I’m sorry, but comments like 9mm today performs as well, or better, or just ignorant fan-boy comments. The answer depends on physics, just like it always has. Take a smaller more conical/pointed bullet…increase its velocity…and it has similar energy outputs to those larger heavier calibers. However, that does not mean it performs better or worse. It depends on what you are trying to accomplish. Furthermore, if you compare bullets of different calibers at the same velocity, you also get different results. As such, a 9mm +p round may have the same energy output as a standard .45acp. However, a .45 acp +p round will have a higher energy output than the 9mm +p round. Because of its shape and velocity, a 9mm +p round will tend to penetrate more than a standard .45acp. The higher mass of the .45acp will cause a harder impact on the same target as compared with the 9mm round.

Over penetration is an issue with any handgun caliber in a home defense situation. 9mm rounds will typically penetrate more deeply, and punch through objects, more so than a .45acp because of its shape and velocity. .45 acp will tend to have a more concussive effect with lower penetration. The higher the velocity, the better penetrating characteristics a round will have.

In essence, choose the caliber based on your intended purpose. If you want to dump most of your energy in your target, you are more likely to get a better result with a slower and heavier .45 acp round. If you desire to have more penetration, punch through barriers, and accuracy at longer distances, then use 9mm. If you live in a condo, don’t use either and get yourself a shotgun with birdshot for use within 10 yards or less and you will have a much more devastating weapon, with substantially lower over penetration characteristics than either of the two aforementioned handgun calibers.

I got a box of liberty civil defense 380 ammo the other day and the first round in my ruger lcp didn’t go so well the gun that I have had for 4 years blew up . Splitting the barrel in two and the slide split and the lower receiver into many small parts .It may be great ammo but after something like that ill stick with my old ammo.

First, great review. Ballistics gel isn’t perfect but in the absence of a dressed up pig carcass it seems to be the accepted standard. Also, Bruce would need an X-ray machine to illustrate the fragmentation and wound channels so easily seen with the gel.

In 23 years as a street cop, I investigated about two dozen firearms related deaths. With one or two exceptions, all were killed with .22’s, .25’s, or shotguns. Basically, some of the cheapest, crappiest, firearms on the planet. The bullets from the 22’s and 25’s were mostly the hardball FMJ variety.

My point is that the best ammunition in the world isn’t as important as the bullet that hits the mark. I fired exactly three shots in all that time and I missed every one. But having said that, if I have my choice of ammunition I don’t mind paying more for just that little edge. Ammunition reviews such as this one are important if for no other reason than point out what is hype and what is fact.

My backup magazine has 15 rounds of LCD 9mm in it. Why? Because it weighs barely more than an empty mag and will still put holes in a bad guy. Kind of outweighs (see what I did there?) any possible downside for me there.

My first concern is, will it shoot where i’m aiming. I have shot this stuff out of a keltec p11 9mm and it shot on the money. I’ll let the assalant worry about how much damage it will do, and i believe it will do plenty.I stack my magazines and alternate with the liberty coming out first and second then gold dot then liberty then gold dot and so on untill the last four fmj.I shot an almost frozen deer carcass that was road killed and it went in 10 1/2 inchs. i was about 5 feet away. In a short barreled gun this ammo was A ok and cycled evry time i pulled the trigger. Im no professional but i don’t think get shot with this stuff center mass is survivable. Hopefully i ‘ll never find out

Gotta go .40 or bigger ….unless you use .357 mag(125gr.hp running 1300 fps) And .308 or bigger for rifles for one simple reason…….to penetrate barriers. At 15 ft. or less in the house…use your skills …..don’t miss.

You can order Liberty Ammunition directly from the manufacturer through their web store. A link to their website is at the top of the article. I’ve also seen Civil Defense on the shelves at larger Sports and Outdoors retailers recently. Prices vary widely depending on where you buy, and that’s why it wasn’t called out in the article. Liberty currently lists the following prices in their web store for boxes of 20 cartridges.
380 $26.49
9mm $26.99
40 $29.99
45 $30.99 box

While I appreciate the report and testing done at some point we, as professionals, just have to get away from using ballistic gel and start using a far more realistic media. The only one that most closely represents real life is a pig carcass wrapped in clothing. Further, in any real life scenario you must also conduct penetration & expansion tests in a vehicle with shots fired through the windshield.

Ballistic gel tests have been shown to not be real life representative and should be discarded in any serious discussion and testing.

Good review! I wonder how much the Liberty ammo will cost, as compared with Winchester PDX and Hornady Critical Defense! I recently viewed another new bullet type that billed itself as “The last round you’ll ever need”. I forget the name of it, RIP perhaps? Anyway, it was all copper, high velocity and fragmented like nothing currently on the market!

As a retired LEO, and combat veteran, I stand by my 45s. The round was designed to put ’em down the first time. I still favor my single stacks and good training to double stacks that are, for me and many others, “clumsy”. Naturally, that means they better go down the first time. I find that the 9mm is generally too hot if using standard issue munitions. The USAF, which used S&W Mod 15s (.38 cal) until the switch to the 9mm, is seriously looking at a return to the weapon used before the Mod 15… the 1911. That coupled with the special forces preference says a lot for an old design. High tech isn’t always the best tech.

This ammo kinda reminds me of the Scorpion ammo from back in the mid 1970s. when a .45 mushroomed to .50 or more on initial impact and turned the target into a block of gelatin that collapsed to the ground with a little shock force trauma.

Also a retired LEO here. Having seen gun fights that lasted two shots and one that last what seemed like forever, with all parties reloading, I’ll take a 9mm or 40cal. with high cap. mag. AND good bonded bullets like Speer Gold Dot anytime. The military seems to be stuck on FMJ and there in lies a major problem when talking about the difference between 9 & 45. However, put a good bonded bullet in 9 up against a 45 and the differences start to disappear rapidly.

Also a ‘semi-retired’ LEO, Fed agent, combat spec ops vet, tactical firearms instructor, and martial arts instructor, among a few other things i’ve been called, lol! In the early days after my first shootout in a dark alley carrying the obligatory model 10 service revolver, I went to a 1911. After my first gunfight with that, and although i was a competitive shooter, as well, the hot rapid shooting was interrupted too much by reloading insufficient capacity mags, which really breaks your ‘deadly’ concentration in the real world… which were not enough even carrying 4 extra .45 mages, i reverted to my old war days of ‘superior firepower’ –in terms of MORE is better than size, I then carried a Browning Hi-Power with six extra mags. That used in a running–or should i say a driving gun battle down a city street after an armed robbery, That worked out much, much better.

I know some of you ‘bigshots’ just said, wow, this guy must not be a very accurate shooter under stress? Well, lets put it this way. I’m still here after numerous others thought they were ‘better’ shots.

The military used .45 1911’s because somewhere along the line they were talked into it without really having any field tested proof because the Thompson and grease gun were already chambered for the rounds, and these weapons were adapted in immediate combat necessity first because of the absence of anything else that could qualify as a submachine gun/close assault weapon. The .45 was never ‘designed’ for military use. The early commercial and some military 9mm cartridges were a bit anemic. And not many if any American or allied comparative alternatives weapons like the Schmeiser 9mm or Finnish Suomi 9mm. (Btw, both excellent CQB weapons even today today, with the right loads, especially the drum fed M-44 Suomi with folding stock.)

The early 9mm cartrideges Sort of like just a .38 power level in an automatic platform, also left something to be desired, so in visceral American Consumption oriented mentality of ‘bigger is always better’, the .45, for professional application, limped on. Later on, when ‘truth be told’ after considerable battle field reports and analysis, (not the myths of WWI vets blasting charging Zulu Zombie warriors and only capable of being stopped by a 1911 chambered in .45!,lol!) They were gradually phased out in favor of the .30 Caliber M1 carbine. Then the AR carbine platform obsoleted them all for universal pragmatic combat applications.

As far as the spec operators today ‘preferring’ the pistols chambered for the .45 I think it’s more because of the fact that it does work a little better for suppressed missions. Most .45 ACP rounds are slow enough–below 1100 fps to be readily silenced, but most 9mm rounds are supersonic so they are louder out of a silencer. You get about the same penetration and power equation level, (oh, you armchair debate experts don’t even know what that is? So I’m betting you can’t do the calculation.) as a 9mm without the extra noise. You need to be around 1400 score after the math to meet the optimum terminal power level for a pistol. All .357 magnums meet that and most high velocity .45’s but few standard 9mm ball ammo off the Wal-mart shelf for 14 bucks. But when you get the MV up to about 1300 fps, with a good expanding bullet, and as someone just said here,

The un-anally retentive reality conclusion is that with the right ammo, there’s nothing a .45 1911 can do, that a 9mm high cap pistol can’t do, only possibly with less weight, cost, and etc.

I’m glad this excellent article pointed out that science and physics always trumps mythology. This new ammo is great, should be used by those carrying 9mm pistols for personal defense.

The military was talked into the 45? I guess the Moro Rebellion and Thompson-LaGarde Tests of 1904 never happened. I would be less inclined to believe a story of a driving gun battle where 6 magazines were expended with no regard for the public at large and not hearing about it in the national news. With such a blatant disregard for others, you would have had your firearms removed and received a written invitation to see the unit shrink, where I worked. Spec Ops having 45’s for suppression? Q4217 was the number on the box I used in my suppressed 9mm’s. Ever touch or even see a picture of a HK MP5-SD? The ones I toyed around with would suppress a 9mm 124grain+p. On one of the “few” occasions I stripped one down, I could see why the projectiles were subsonic before they exited the muzzle. I’m sure you did also….. yeah.
Replacing 45’s with carbines a marksmanship issue, not a stopping power issue. Hitting a bad guy with a small bullet is better than missing him with a big one. I’m not sure if you have done any entries with a M-4 loaded with M855. If you have, did you recall having to use 3 or 4 torso hits to bring down the bad guy?
Placement is paramount. Bullet design, size, and velocity is secondary. A bigger hole or multiple holes make the bucket empty faster. If a smaller bullet that can make the hole bigger by its design, nice. Even an armchair expert can agree, bigger is better…. unless you need to make a lot of noise to scare the bad guy and send civilians scrambling for cover.

Hey Evan, got a couple questions for you. If 9mm is not a serious defensive round, how could it still be the number one military and para-military police sub-machine gun cartridge in the world? What do they know that you don’t, or conversely,lol?

Also, since a .40 is also a 10mm shortened up a bit, and since my .40 Glock uses off the shelf specialty loads that equal or surpass the 10 mm’s performance, do you still think it’s flawed just because it’s not a 10mm?

And, since these Liberty 9mm rounds appear to resemble or exceed the venerable .357 in terminal ballistics comparisons, you know, the same .357 round which accounts for more one shot stops than any pistol round ever made…including the 10mm, which was dropped by the FBI in favor of the .40 because it supposedly was harder to handle the recoil of a 10mm for some agents–which might be perceived as more jerk and muzzle flip, even, than a .45…

Does that mean that these Liberty rounds are not serious defensive rounds?

Or, perhaps, is it a question of you actually having any ‘serious’ knowledge about ballistics and wound analysis?

Would you be willing to charge into me from 20 feet with a non serious 9mm firing at you?

Didn’t think so. Your comments are BS ! Shot placement is key, so I’d much rather have a 9mm with excellent followup capability than a 40 or 45 any day.

I know of a guy who was attacked by someone with a 45. He shot the guy 5 times, and he lived. The guy he was shooting at and attacking happened to have a measly 22 magnum, and took him out with a single shot to the head, dead on impact.

The differences between 9mm, 40, and 45 are virtually nothing. It doesn’t matter what you have, it is how you use it. Of course there will always be people with little dicks trying to swing them around by carrying the biggest and baddest round, but at the end of the day it comes down to how many you can put onto the target, not how macho your gun looks……

I have read about this ammo and think it’s great. I’m wondering when one of the American ammunition manufacturers are going to notice the shortage and demand from the general public .In response to this demand, I feel they should stop sales to all federal agencies, stop exportation of thier ammo, and provide solely for the ever growing demand of the general public. This would be known as an act of true patriotism and would be respected and kept at full production, just arming the citizens of the United States of America. If the past has taught us anything, it should have taught us that our country is strongest, when every good honest US citizen, is armed and has plenty of ammunition. Most American ammunition companies are operating at 3 times their normal capacity, but can’t supply the American pubic with 22lr. I’ve heard hundreds of reasons for this, but I don’t believe that the general public is buying it faster, that these companies can supply it, without help from some outside influence. I urge all ammunition companies to find out where their ammo is going and restrict it to the American public only, until ammunition supplies are back to normal. If there’s truly no conspiracy, then why were several people, involved in the firearms industry, warned about the shortage of 22 rimfire ammunition, 3 months, before it ever started being purchased, outside of the normal amounts. Some may say it’s because the rumor caused hysteria, but, in fact, nobody believed the rumor, until ammunition had completely disappeared from distributors first, and them the store shelves. Knowing that this ammo isn’t in the hands of the good citizens of the USA, it makes me wonder who’s hands it’s in and what do they plan to do with all that ammo. I’m not insane, nor a conspiracy buff, but I have yet to hear an honest, reasonable, explanation, for this sudden immense lack of ammunition. I hope companies, like liberty ammunition, will sell their ammo, in evenly divided amounts, so everyone can own a few boxes, and turns down any offers for ammunition orders, from one individual buyer, that wants to purchase more ammunition, than they could possibly fill in 20 years time. Don’t forget, we are the “real” customers and we will keep buying your ammunition, for the next 200 generations, as long as we are protected by a constitution, that’s not out dated, but is just now showing the reasons it exists, in the manner, in which it was written. It only guarantees the freedom of the USA, as it was originally written. Adolf Hitter made a new constitution for Germany, but we see how that turned out. God Bless America and thank God every day, that you have the right to be armed, if ever faced by a terrorist, or just a rapist or serial sociopath. It’s better to explain to police, why it was necessary to use lethal force, than having police dig through your body and those of your family, after an armed intruder attacks your unarmed home.

Very enlighting test. I have switched to d.r.t. ammo in all my pistols. Would like to see testing done same way for it if you can. My test with 9mm d.r.t. consisted of gallon jugs of water. Have not seen any ground hogs yet so no live testing yet. But was impressed with a jug being stretched to twice normal size by hydrostatic shock

A thorough and careful review and well-documented. As someone said above, unbiased reviews are always welcome, but they are sometimes hard to find. Thanks for publishing this one and keep up the good work!

Very nice review, and similar results I got from shooting their 9MM+P loads. My medium was milk jugs full of water and covered in denim. Four jugs were lined up, and one round fired. The first two jugs almost completely dissapeared, but the last two jugs had no wounds, so I’m not sure if the load would be a good street load or not. I’m still unsure as to what terminal distance in target, and damage would be. For now I’ll still be sticking to my Winchester Ranger +P in 9MM and .45ACP(AKA Still the Black Talons).

Excellent review! Thanks, Bruce! I especially appreciate the comments regarding the advantages of reduced carry weight. That is something that is often overlooked, and is of significance to those of us who carry every day, all day, especially when carrying high capacity .45s.

Back in my cop days, my department bought the cheapest ammo on the market, but allowed officers to carry whatever we were willing to buy. I (like many others) found myself lured into buying the latest and greatest ammo – usually basing my decision on muzzle velocity. As my understanding of ballistics and shooting dynamics have matured, I have come to adopt a preference for “slow-and-heavy” ammo. IMHO, shot-placement is the primary factor in surviving a shooting incident. Having said that, I want an effective compromise of muzzle velocity and bullet weight. For bet-your-life-on-it dependability, my preference is Hornady XTP, 9mm 125gr.

My past experiences do not matter here. My current experience with defense ammo, does second your theory. Heavy and slow. I think of it like a blunt weapon strike. You don’t want a switch, not gonna penetrate. You don’t want a crow-bar, gonna over penetrate. You want a nice plumb hardwood ball-bat. Gonna leave blunt force trauma and “dump” lots of energy at the end of that bat. Ever seen a man that’s been attacked with a bat? It’ll make you think. We have so much more control over our ammunition ballistics nowadays than we’ve ever had in the past, it’s crazy and it opens the floor to much debate. My ammo debate always ends on the same note. Regardless of specs, performance and prices… I just really hope I never have to shoot a son-of-a-bitch with it. Debate often, practice more often and always… always have ammo money.