Quasar Foundation Model

Quasar Foundation Models (RoPE Base)

Quasar Foundation Models are SILX AI’s core models designed for long-context reasoning, agentic systems, and persistent memory-based intelligence.

This release is NOT a state-of-the-art final model.
It is a base pretraining model designed specifically for distributed knowledge distillation on Bittensor (SN24 Quasar subnet).

The goal is to create a shared architecture where miners continuously distill knowledge from frontier models (e.g., Qwen, GLM) into Quasar.


⚠️ Important Note

This model is:

  • A base model
  • Pretrained for only a few billion tokens
  • Designed for distillation and scaling, not benchmarking

Performance will improve through iterative subnet training + distillation cycles.


Model Overview

  • Model Name: Quasar 3B (RoPE Base)
  • Organization: SILX AI
  • Architecture: Quasar-RoPE Hybrid Transformer
  • Total Parameters: 3B
  • Active Parameters: ~1B (Mixture-of-Experts)
  • Training Stage: Stage 1 (Base Pretraining)
  • Sequence Length: 16K tokens (RoPE phase)

Training Strategy

Quasar follows a multi-stage training pipeline:

Stage 1 β€” RoPE Pretraining

  • Train using Rotary Positional Embeddings (RoPE)
  • Context length: 16K tokens
  • Objective: stabilize training and build core reasoning

Stage 2 β€” Distillation (SN24)

  • Distributed training on Bittensor subnet (SN24)
  • Miners distill knowledge from:
    • Qwen
    • GLM
  • Target: transfer reasoning + capabilities into Quasar

Stage 3 β€” DroPE Long-Context Training

  • Remove positional embeddings entirely (DroPE phase)
  • Transition to position-free reasoning
  • Train on ultra-long context (up to 5M tokens)

This staged approach allows:

  • Stable early training
  • Efficient knowledge transfer
  • Extreme context scaling without positional bottlenecks

Quasar-RoPE Hybrid Architecture

Quasar is a high-throughput hybrid transformer designed for trillion-token scale training.

It combines:

  • Looped computation
  • Persistent latent memory
  • Hybrid attention mechanisms
  • Stable Mixture-of-Experts routing

1. Looped Transformer Logic

Instead of increasing depth traditionally, Quasar uses looped execution:

  • A fixed set of layers is reused multiple times (num_loops)
  • This multiplies effective depth without increasing VRAM

Key Mechanism:

  • Anchor P (Input Injection):
    • Embedding output is stored as P
    • Injected into the hidden state at every loop
  • Gradient Stabilization:
    • Injection gradients scaled by 1 / num_loops
    • Prevents instability during recirculation

2. Hybrid Layer Composition

Each loop contains a mix of:

Quasar Layers

  • Use Latent Memory Module
  • Handle long-range dependencies
  • Read/write persistent state

GLA Layers (Gated Linear Attention)

  • Fast, RNN-like recurrence
  • Efficient local sequence modeling

3. Persistent Latent Memory

A defining component of Quasar:

  • Memory Slots:

    • Fixed parameter banks (e.g., 128–256 slots)
  • Segment Compression:

    • Tokens grouped into segments (default: 64 tokens)
    • Reduced noise during updates
  • Saliency Gating:

    • Learns which information is important
    • Writes only high-value signals to memory

4. SMEBU (Stability-Maximized Expert Balancing Unit)

Custom Mixture-of-Experts system:

  • Global Bias Buffers

    • Stored outside optimizer
    • Prevent routing collapse
  • Zero-Loop Updates

    • Expert balancing done in vectorized pass
    • No recursive instability
  • Sparse Activation

    • ~1B active parameters per forward pass

5. Technical Specifications

  • Normalization: RMSNorm (Pre-Norm)
  • Positional Encoding: RoPE (theta = 1,000,000)
  • Initialization: Depth-scaled 1/sqrt(2L)
  • Architecture Type: Hybrid Transformer + Memory + MoE

Architecture Overview

Core Data Flow

Token IDs
  ↓
Embedding Layer
  ↓
Anchor P Snapshot
  ↓
β”Œβ”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”
β”‚ Loop (i < num_loops)                         β”‚
β”‚                                              β”‚
β”‚   Quasar Block                               β”‚
β”‚        ↓                                     β”‚
β”‚   GLA Block                                  β”‚
β”‚        ↓                                     β”‚
β”‚   SMEBU MoE                                  β”‚
β”‚        ↓                                     β”‚
β”‚   Inject Anchor P (Residual Conditioning)    β”‚
β””β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”˜
  ↓
Next Loop Iteration (state updated)

Final Loop Output
  ↓
RMSNorm
  ↓
LM Head
  ↓
Logits

Latent Memory Update Path

Hidden States
  ↓
Layer Normalization (RMSNorm)
  ↓
Segment Compressor
  ↓
Segment Representation (Z)
  ↓
  β”œβ”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β”€β†’ Saliency Gate (importance scoring)
  β”‚                        ↓
  β”‚                     Write Signal
  β”‚                        ↓
  └──────────────→ Memory Write Operation
                           ↓
              Persistent Memory Bank (M)
                           ↓
                  Updated Memory (M')
                           ↓
                  Memory Read Module
                           ↓
              Memory-Augmented Hidden State
                           ↓
                         Output

SMEBU MoE Stability Flow

Router Network
  ↓
Token Routing Scores
  ↓
  * Global Bias Buffer (non-trainable stability path)
  ↓
Top-K Expert Selection
  ↓
Selected Experts
  ↓
Expert Output Aggregation
  ↓
Final MoE Output
  ↓
Post-Loop Bias Update (vectorized, stabilized)

Intended Use

This model is designed as a foundation base model for the Quasar ecosystem and is primarily intended for:

  • Bittensor SN24 miners participating in distributed training and knowledge distillation
  • Distillation pipelines transferring capabilities from frontier models (e.g., Qwen, GLM)
  • Research on long-context architectures, especially beyond traditional positional encoding limits
  • Agentic system development, where persistent memory and long-horizon reasoning are required

Next Steps

  • Training on SN24 in the coming days
  • Miners distill knowledge into this model
  • Then we go for Run 2 β€” DroPE training at 5M tokens
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