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Given this paragraph about a singer, what was Rihanna's first album?	Robyn Rihanna Fenty NH (/riˈænə/ (listen) ree-AN-ə;[n 1] born February 20, 1988) is a Barbadian singer, actress, and businesswoman. Born in Saint Michael and raised in Bridgetown, Barbados, Rihanna auditioned for American record producer Evan Rogers who invited her to the United States to record demo tapes. After signi...	Music of the Sun (2005)	closed_qa	### Instruction: Given this paragraph about a singer, what was Rihanna's first album? ### Context: Robyn Rihanna Fenty NH (/riˈænə/ (listen) ree-AN-ə;[n 1] born February 20, 1988) is a Barbadian singer, actress, and businesswoman. Born in Saint Michael and raised in Bridgetown, Barbados, Rihanna auditioned for American...
Is double checked locking safe?	In software engineering, double-checked locking (also known as "double-checked locking optimization") is a software design pattern used to reduce the overhead of acquiring a lock by testing the locking criterion (the "lock hint") before acquiring the lock. Locking occurs only if the locking criterion check indicates th...	Double checked locking can be unsafe in some situations and is sometimes considered an anti-pattern. However, it can be implemented in a safe way.	closed_qa	### Instruction: Is double checked locking safe? ### Context: In software engineering, double-checked locking (also known as "double-checked locking optimization") is a software design pattern used to reduce the overhead of acquiring a lock by testing the locking criterion (the "lock hint") before acquiring the lock. L...
Given this paragraph about rivers in Europe, tell me what are the two longest rivers in Europe.	The commercial and geopolitical importance of rivers is not ranked here. As a transportation artery, a river may unite a region commercially and economically, but major rivers, as barriers to travel, may also form political boundaries between states. The Danube, the second longest river in Europe, is notable for flowin...	The two longest rivers in Europe are the Volga and the Danube.	closed_qa	### Instruction: Given this paragraph about rivers in Europe, tell me what are the two longest rivers in Europe. ### Context: The commercial and geopolitical importance of rivers is not ranked here. As a transportation artery, a river may unite a region commercially and economically, but major rivers, as barriers to tr...
Which English football team have held the FA cup the longest?	Portsmouth have the distinction of being the football club which has held the FA Cup trophy for the longest uninterrupted period - seven years. Portsmouth had defeated Wolverhampton Wanderers 4–1 in the 1939 FA Cup Final and were awarded the trophy as 1938–39 FA Cup winners. But with the outbreak of World War II in Sep...	Portsmouth FC	closed_qa	### Instruction: Which English football team have held the FA cup the longest? ### Context: Portsmouth have the distinction of being the football club which has held the FA Cup trophy for the longest uninterrupted period - seven years. Portsmouth had defeated Wolverhampton Wanderers 4–1 in the 1939 FA Cup Final and wer...
What are the titans?	Attack on Titan (Japanese: 進撃の巨人, Hepburn: Shingeki no Kyojin, lit. 'The Advancing Giant') is a Japanese manga series written and illustrated by Hajime Isayama. It is set in a world where humanity is forced to live in cities surrounded by three enormous walls that protect them from gigantic man-eating humanoids referre...	In Attack on Titan, the Titans are gigantic man-eating humanoids that destroyed Eren Yeager's hometown and caused the death of his mother. The Titans cause humanity to live in cities surrounded by three enormous walls to protect themselves.	closed_qa	### Instruction: What are the titans? ### Context: Attack on Titan (Japanese: 進撃の巨人, Hepburn: Shingeki no Kyojin, lit. 'The Advancing Giant') is a Japanese manga series written and illustrated by Hajime Isayama. It is set in a world where humanity is forced to live in cities surrounded by three enormous walls that prot...
Based on the paragraph below, which are the most and least popular National Parks in the US?	The United States has 63 national parks, which are congressionally designated protected areas operated by the National Park Service, an agency of the Department of the Interior. National parks are designated for their natural beauty, unique geological features, diverse ecosystems, and recreational opportunities, typica...	If we use number of visitors as a proxy for popularity then The Great Smoky Mountains National Park with over 14 million visitors in 2021 would rank as the most popular National Park. The least visited National Park is the Gates of the Arctic National Park and Preserve. Its lower visitation rate may have more to do wit...	closed_qa	### Instruction: Based on the paragraph below, which are the most and least popular National Parks in the US? ### Context: The United States has 63 national parks, which are congressionally designated protected areas operated by the National Park Service, an agency of the Department of the Interior. National parks are ...
Was the hermit hummingbird hawkmoth first described in the 18th century or the 19th century?	Macroglossum insipida, the hermit hummingbird hawkmoth, is a moth of the family Sphingidae. It was described by Arthur Gardiner Butler in 1875.	The hermit hummingbird hawkmoth was first described in 1875, which is in the 19th century.	closed_qa	### Instruction: Was the hermit hummingbird hawkmoth first described in the 18th century or the 19th century? ### Context: Macroglossum insipida, the hermit hummingbird hawkmoth, is a moth of the family Sphingidae. It was described by Arthur Gardiner Butler in 1875. ### Answer: The hermit hummingbird hawkmoth was first...
Which player scored the Premier League winning goal for Manchester City vs. QPR in 2012?	Manchester City F.C. 3–2 Queens Park Rangers F.C was the final match of the 2011–12 Premier League season, contested at the Etihad Stadium between Manchester City and Queens Park Rangers on 13 May 2012. This match is considered the greatest Premier League moment in history. City entered the match in first place on goa...	Sergio Aguero, in his first season for the club following a £30+ million move from Athletico Madrid ended the season as the club's leading goal scorer. Ten plus years later, he ended as the club's all-time leading goal scorer and holds the record for number of Premier League Hat-tricks. In 2012, Manchester City and l...	closed_qa	### Instruction: Which player scored the Premier League winning goal for Manchester City vs. QPR in 2012? ### Context: Manchester City F.C. 3–2 Queens Park Rangers F.C was the final match of the 2011–12 Premier League season, contested at the Etihad Stadium between Manchester City and Queens Park Rangers on 13 May 2012...
Given this paragraph about the demographics of Osaka, what was the highest number of residents ever recorded to be living in Osaka at any one point in time?	Population numbers have been recorded in Osaka since as early as 1873, in the early Meiji era. According to the census in 2005, there were 2,628,811 residents in Osaka, an increase of 30,037 or 1.2% from 2000. There were 1,280,325 households with approximately 2.1 persons per household. The population density was 11,83...	The highest population ever recorded in Osaka was 3,252,340 in 1940.	closed_qa	### Instruction: Given this paragraph about the demographics of Osaka, what was the highest number of residents ever recorded to be living in Osaka at any one point in time? ### Context: Population numbers have been recorded in Osaka since as early as 1873, in the early Meiji era. According to the census in 2005, there...
Given these paragraphs about the founding of Tesla, who else part from Elon Musk and J. B. Straubel are co-founders of Tesla?	The company was incorporated as Tesla Motors, Inc. on July 1, 2003, by Martin Eberhard and Marc Tarpenning. Eberhard and Tarpenning served as CEO and CFO, respectively. Eberhard said he wanted to build "a car manufacturer that is also a technology company", with its core technologies as "the battery, the computer softw...	Eberhard, Tarpenning and Wright	closed_qa	### Instruction: Given these paragraphs about the founding of Tesla, who else part from Elon Musk and J. B. Straubel are co-founders of Tesla? ### Context: The company was incorporated as Tesla Motors, Inc. on July 1, 2003, by Martin Eberhard and Marc Tarpenning. Eberhard and Tarpenning served as CEO and CFO, respectiv...
Given these paragraphs about the Tesla bot, where and when was it announced?	Optimus, also known as Tesla Bot, is a conceptual general-purpose robotic humanoid under development by Tesla, Inc. It was announced at the company's Artificial Intelligence (AI) Day event on August 19, 2021. CEO Elon Musk claimed during the event that Tesla would likely build a prototype by 2022. Musk is on record hav...	It was announced at the company's Artificial Intelligence (AI) Day event on August 19, 2021.	closed_qa	### Instruction: Given these paragraphs about the Tesla bot, where and when was it announced? ### Context: Optimus, also known as Tesla Bot, is a conceptual general-purpose robotic humanoid under development by Tesla, Inc. It was announced at the company's Artificial Intelligence (AI) Day event on August 19, 2021. CEO ...
Given this reference test, what is the daily recommended value of magnesium for men in the U.S.?	In the UK, the recommended daily values for magnesium are 300 mg for men and 270 mg for women. In the U.S. the Recommended Dietary Allowances (RDAs) are 400 mg for men ages 19–30 and 420 mg for older; for women 310 mg for ages 19–30 and 320 mg for older.	The daily recommended value of magnesium for men in the U.S. is 400 mg.	closed_qa	### Instruction: Given this reference test, what is the daily recommended value of magnesium for men in the U.S.? ### Context: In the UK, the recommended daily values for magnesium are 300 mg for men and 270 mg for women. In the U.S. the Recommended Dietary Allowances (RDAs) are 400 mg for men ages 19–30 and 420 mg for...
Given this paragraph, what are the two Kingdoms that used Bangkok as their capital city.	The history of Bangkok dates at least back to the early 15th century, to when it was a village on the west bank of the Chao Phraya River, under the rule of Ayutthaya. Because of its strategic location near the mouth of the river, the town gradually increased in importance. Bangkok initially served as a customs outpost ...	Thonburi Kingdom and Rattanakosin Kingdom are the two Kingdoms that used Bangkok as their capital city. Thonburi Kingdom used the western bank of Bangkok as its capital city. While Rattanakosin Kingdom used Bangkok's eastern bank as its capital city,.	closed_qa	### Instruction: Given this paragraph, what are the two Kingdoms that used Bangkok as their capital city. ### Context: The history of Bangkok dates at least back to the early 15th century, to when it was a village on the west bank of the Chao Phraya River, under the rule of Ayutthaya. Because of its strategic location ...
Tell me about the new premier of New South Wales	Christopher John Minns (born 17 September 1979) is an Australian politician serving as the 47th and current premier of New South Wales since March 2023. He has been the leader of the New South Wales branch of the Australian Labor Party (ALP) since June 2021 and a member of the New South Wales Legislative Assembly (MLA)...	Chris Minns led the Labor party to victory at the 2023 NSW state election and becomes the 47th premier of New South Wales. Minns is married with three sons and is a supporter of the NRL club, St George Illawarra Dragons.	closed_qa	### Instruction: Tell me about the new premier of New South Wales ### Context: Christopher John Minns (born 17 September 1979) is an Australian politician serving as the 47th and current premier of New South Wales since March 2023. He has been the leader of the New South Wales branch of the Australian Labor Party (ALP)...
Given this paragraph how much do Beavers weigh?	Beavers (genus Castor) are large, semiaquatic rodents of the Northern Hemisphere. There are two existing species: the North American beaver (Castor canadensis) and the Eurasian beaver (C. fiber). Beavers are the second-largest living rodents, after capybaras, weighing up to 30 kilograms (66 lb). Beavers have stout bodi...	Up to 30 kilograms or 66 pounds	closed_qa	### Instruction: Given this paragraph how much do Beavers weigh? ### Context: Beavers (genus Castor) are large, semiaquatic rodents of the Northern Hemisphere. There are two existing species: the North American beaver (Castor canadensis) and the Eurasian beaver (C. fiber). Beavers are the second-largest living rodents,...
When he lived in the mountains of Alaska, was Richard Proenneke in full autonomy?	Richard Louis Proenneke (/ˈprɛnəkiː/; May 4, 1916 – April 20, 2003) was an American self-educated naturalist, conservationist, writer, and wildlife photographer who, from the age of about 51, lived alone for nearly thirty years (1968–1998) in the mountains of Alaska in a log cabin that he constructed by hand near the s...	No, he was getting some of his food by plane.	closed_qa	### Instruction: When he lived in the mountains of Alaska, was Richard Proenneke in full autonomy? ### Context: Richard Louis Proenneke (/ˈprɛnəkiː/; May 4, 1916 – April 20, 2003) was an American self-educated naturalist, conservationist, writer, and wildlife photographer who, from the age of about 51, lived alone for ...
Who services the Saint-Germain-les-Belles station?	Saint-Germain-les-Belles is a railway station in Saint-Germain-les-Belles, Nouvelle-Aquitaine, France. The station is located on the Orléans–Montauban railway line. The station is served by TER (local) services operated by SNCF.	Saint-Germain-les-Belles station is serviced by the TER services operated by SNCF.	closed_qa	### Instruction: Who services the Saint-Germain-les-Belles station? ### Context: Saint-Germain-les-Belles is a railway station in Saint-Germain-les-Belles, Nouvelle-Aquitaine, France. The station is located on the Orléans–Montauban railway line. The station is served by TER (local) services operated by SNCF. ### Answer...
Who asked Swami Vivekananda to come to Dakshineswar and in which year?	Swami Vivekananda (/ˈswɑːmi ˌvɪveɪˈkɑːnəndə/; Bengali: [ʃami bibekanɔndo] (listen); 12 January 1863 – 4 July 1902), born Narendranath Datta (Bengali: [nɔrendronatʰ dɔto]), was an Indian Hindu monk, philosopher, author, religious teacher, and the chief disciple of the Indian mystic Sri Ramakrishna Paramahansa. He was a ...	In 1881, Sri Ramakrishna Paramahansa asked Swami Vivekananda to come to Dakshineswar	closed_qa	### Instruction: Who asked Swami Vivekananda to come to Dakshineswar and in which year? ### Context: Swami Vivekananda (/ˈswɑːmi ˌvɪveɪˈkɑːnəndə/; Bengali: [ʃami bibekanɔndo] (listen); 12 January 1863 – 4 July 1902), born Narendranath Datta (Bengali: [nɔrendronatʰ dɔto]), was an Indian Hindu monk, philosopher, author, ...
Given this paragraph, what key crops were not available in Europe before the colonization of the New World?	Food historian Lois Ellen Frank calls potatoes, tomatoes, corn, beans, squash, chili, cacao, and vanilla the "magic eight" ingredients that were found and used only in the Americas before 1492 and were taken via the Columbian Exchange back to the Old World, dramatically transforming the cuisine there. According to Fran...	Potatoes, tomatoes, corn, beans, squash, chili, cacao, and vanilla were not available in the Old World prior to the European discovery of the Americas	closed_qa	### Instruction: Given this paragraph, what key crops were not available in Europe before the colonization of the New World? ### Context: Food historian Lois Ellen Frank calls potatoes, tomatoes, corn, beans, squash, chili, cacao, and vanilla the "magic eight" ingredients that were found and used only in the Americas b...
Given a reference text about Audrey Babette Blackman, tell me her parents names and occupations.	Audrey Babette Blackman (née Seligman; 28 July 1907 – 17 July 1990) was a British sculptor and ceramist. Biography Blackman was born in London and raised in Leatherhead in Surrey by her parents, Hilda, a sculptor and author, and Richard Seligman, a chemical engineer. After attending Wimbledon High School in London, Bl...	Audrey Babette Blackman parents names were Hilda Sligman and Richard Seligman. Hilda was a sculptor and author and Richard was a chemical engineer.	closed_qa	### Instruction: Given a reference text about Audrey Babette Blackman, tell me her parents names and occupations. ### Context: Audrey Babette Blackman (née Seligman; 28 July 1907 – 17 July 1990) was a British sculptor and ceramist. Biography Blackman was born in London and raised in Leatherhead in Surrey by her parent...
Who is J.K.Rowling?	Joanne Rowling CH OBE FRSL (/ˈroʊlɪŋ/ "rolling"; born 31 July 1965), also known by her pen name J. K. Rowling, is a British author and philanthropist. She wrote Harry Potter, a seven-volume children's fantasy series published from 1997 to 2007. The series has sold over 600 million copies, been translated into 84 langua...	Joanne Rowling a.k.a J.K.Rowling is the famous author of Harry Potter books.	closed_qa	### Instruction: Who is J.K.Rowling? ### Context: Joanne Rowling CH OBE FRSL (/ˈroʊlɪŋ/ "rolling"; born 31 July 1965), also known by her pen name J. K. Rowling, is a British author and philanthropist. She wrote Harry Potter, a seven-volume children's fantasy series published from 1997 to 2007. The series has sold over ...
Why are there so few works of Kafka left even though he was a prolific writer?	Franz Kafka (3 July 1883 – 3 June 1924) was a German-speaking Bohemian novelist and short-story writer based in Prague, who is widely regarded as one of the major figures of 20th-century literature. His work fuses elements of realism and the fantastic. It typically features isolated protagonists facing bizarre or surre...	Though Kafka was a prolific writer he struggled with low self-esteem and destroyed 90% of his work. Rest of his works were lost or were not published. In his will Kafka instructed that his unfinished novels be destroyed, luckily those instructions were ignored and we are able to read his novels like The Trial and The C...	closed_qa	### Instruction: Why are there so few works of Kafka left even though he was a prolific writer? ### Context: Franz Kafka (3 July 1883 – 3 June 1924) was a German-speaking Bohemian novelist and short-story writer based in Prague, who is widely regarded as one of the major figures of 20th-century literature. His work fus...
Does Belgrandia varica live in the ocean?	Belgrandia varica is a species of minute freshwater snail with an operculum, an aquatic gastropod mollusc or micromollusc in the family Hydrobiidae.	No, Belgrandia varica lives in freshwater.	closed_qa	### Instruction: Does Belgrandia varica live in the ocean? ### Context: Belgrandia varica is a species of minute freshwater snail with an operculum, an aquatic gastropod mollusc or micromollusc in the family Hydrobiidae. ### Answer: No, Belgrandia varica lives in freshwater.</s>
Which continent can Callixena versicolora be found?	Callixena versicolora is a moth of the family Noctuidae first described by Max Saalmüller in 1891. The species can be found in Africa, where it is known from Ghana, Nigeria, the Democratic Republic of the Congo, Malawi, Kenya, South Africa, Comoros, Madagascar and Réunion. This species has a wingspan from 29 to 40 mm....	Africa	closed_qa	### Instruction: Which continent can Callixena versicolora be found? ### Context: Callixena versicolora is a moth of the family Noctuidae first described by Max Saalmüller in 1891. The species can be found in Africa, where it is known from Ghana, Nigeria, the Democratic Republic of the Congo, Malawi, Kenya, South Afric...
From this reference text, what political party does Taylor Swift belong to?	Swift refrained from discussing politics early in her career, fearing it might influence people. Critics took issue with her previously apolitical stance despite her wealth and celebrity. Swift publicly voiced her political opinion for the first time in the 2018 United States elections, when she endorsed Democratic can...	Taylor Swift is a democrat.	closed_qa	### Instruction: From this reference text, what political party does Taylor Swift belong to? ### Context: Swift refrained from discussing politics early in her career, fearing it might influence people. Critics took issue with her previously apolitical stance despite her wealth and celebrity. Swift publicly voiced her ...
Given a reference text about the 2022 Mazar-i-Sharif mosque bombing, how many people were injured and killed?	2022 Mazar-i-Sharif mosque bombing On 21 April 2022, a powerful bomb rocked the Shia Seh Dokan mosque in Mazar-i-Sharif, Balkh Province, Afghanistan killing at least 31 people and injuring more than 87 others. The Islamic State – Khorasan Province claimed responsibility via Telegram. Worshippers were performing the Z...	At least 31 people were killed and more than 87 others were injured in the 2022 Mazar-i-Sharif mosque bombing.	closed_qa	### Instruction: Given a reference text about the 2022 Mazar-i-Sharif mosque bombing, how many people were injured and killed? ### Context: 2022 Mazar-i-Sharif mosque bombing On 21 April 2022, a powerful bomb rocked the Shia Seh Dokan mosque in Mazar-i-Sharif, Balkh Province, Afghanistan killing at least 31 people and...
Given the reference text about a towboat, how does the boat work?	The boat measures 99 feet (30 m) long overall, with a hull length of 80 feet (24 m), and an 18-foot (5.5 m) beam. She draws 32 inches (0.8 m). She is powered by a 160-horsepower (120 kW) 1940 Fairbanks-Morse 35E10 direct reversing diesel engine. She measures 51 gross registry tons and displaces approximately 108 long t...	The boat is powered by a 160-horsepower 1940 Fairbanks-Morse 35E10 direct reversing diesel engine.	closed_qa	### Instruction: Given the reference text about a towboat, how does the boat work? ### Context: The boat measures 99 feet (30 m) long overall, with a hull length of 80 feet (24 m), and an 18-foot (5.5 m) beam. She draws 32 inches (0.8 m). She is powered by a 160-horsepower (120 kW) 1940 Fairbanks-Morse 35E10 direct rev...
According to Sanderson's Law of Magic, what is the difference between hard and soft magic?	The idea of hard magic and soft magic was popularized by Sanderson for world building and creating magic systems in fictional settings. The terminology of hard and soft originate from hard and soft sciences, which lends itself towards hard science fiction and soft science fiction. Both terms are approximate ways of cha...	Hard magic is always strictly constrained by a set of rules which can simulate a more ordered world to the reader, while soft magic if more flexible, has no clearly defined limitations and can be used to imbue a sense of wonder to the reader.	closed_qa	### Instruction: According to Sanderson's Law of Magic, what is the difference between hard and soft magic? ### Context: The idea of hard magic and soft magic was popularized by Sanderson for world building and creating magic systems in fictional settings. The terminology of hard and soft originate from hard and soft s...
What is Cabernet Sauvignon?	Cabernet Sauvignon (French: [kabɛʁnɛ soviɲɔ̃]) is one of the world's most widely recognized red wine grape varieties. It is grown in nearly every major wine producing country among a diverse spectrum of climates from Australia and British Columbia, Canada to Lebanon's Beqaa Valley. Cabernet Sauvignon became internation...	Cabernet Sauvignon (French: [kabɛʁnɛ soviɲɔ̃]) is one of the world's most widely recognized red wine grape varieties.	closed_qa	### Instruction: What is Cabernet Sauvignon? ### Context: Cabernet Sauvignon (French: [kabɛʁnɛ soviɲɔ̃]) is one of the world's most widely recognized red wine grape varieties. It is grown in nearly every major wine producing country among a diverse spectrum of climates from Australia and British Columbia, Canada to Leb...
Given this paragraph about Mohamed Fourati, at what age was he appointed as hospital assistant?	A year after getting his philosophy baccalaureate in his native town Sfax, Mohamed Fourati moved to Lille (France) to pursue his graduate education in the medical school of Lille. In order to validate his studies, he became an intern in the Farhat-Hachad Hospital of Sousse. Traveling between the two continents, he secu...	He was appointed hospital assistant in 1966. In 1968, he was 35 years old. So in 1966, he was 33 years old.	closed_qa	### Instruction: Given this paragraph about Mohamed Fourati, at what age was he appointed as hospital assistant? ### Context: A year after getting his philosophy baccalaureate in his native town Sfax, Mohamed Fourati moved to Lille (France) to pursue his graduate education in the medical school of Lille. In order to va...
Why was the movie The Happytime Murders given such bad reviews if it was award winning?	The Happytime Murders was released on August 24, 2018, by STXfilms. It received mostly negative reviews from critics for its humor, performances and story, though the puppetry received praise. The film was a box-office bomb, grossing $27.5 million worldwide against a $40–47 million budget. The film received six nominat...	The Golden Raspberry Awards, also known as the Razzies, is a parody award show. They celebrate the failures in cinema. Their tagline is "Own Your Bad" and often celebrities that are nominated for a Razzie take it in jest. Sometimes the roles or categories a movie is nominated in the Razzies are also nominated for Oscar...	closed_qa	### Instruction: Why was the movie The Happytime Murders given such bad reviews if it was award winning? ### Context: The Happytime Murders was released on August 24, 2018, by STXfilms. It received mostly negative reviews from critics for its humor, performances and story, though the puppetry received praise. The film ...
What is the primary information in this paragraph?	Racial categories have historically been used as a way to enable an oppressive figure or group to discriminate against other groups or individuals which were seen as different from that of the oppressor. In nineteenth and early twentieth century Europe, artwork was a common form of racialization which targeted countrie...	The paragraph discussed racial manipulation in the 19th to 20th centuries. It considers Europeans to be discriminative against people from the Middle East, Asia and North Africa, and uses artist expressions to communicate and manipulate these prejudice to their general population.	closed_qa	### Instruction: What is the primary information in this paragraph? ### Context: Racial categories have historically been used as a way to enable an oppressive figure or group to discriminate against other groups or individuals which were seen as different from that of the oppressor. In nineteenth and early twentieth c...
Who was Charles Stuart, Duke of Cambridge	Charles Stuart (22 October 1660 – 5 May 1661) was the first of four sons and eight children born from the marriage between the Duke of York (later King James II of England & VII of Scotland) and his first wife, Anne Hyde. He was styled Duke of Cambridge, but never formally created so, because he died so young. Charles...	Charles Stuart (22 October 1660 – 5 May 1661) was the first of four sons and eight children born from the marriage between the Duke of York (later King James II of England & VII of Scotland) and his first wife, Anne Hyde. He was styled Duke of Cambridge, but never formally created so, because he died so young. Charles...	closed_qa	### Instruction: Who was Charles Stuart, Duke of Cambridge ### Context: Charles Stuart (22 October 1660 – 5 May 1661) was the first of four sons and eight children born from the marriage between the Duke of York (later King James II of England & VII of Scotland) and his first wife, Anne Hyde. He was styled Duke of Camb...
Measured in feet, what was the length of the gun barrel produced by Philip Webley & Son of Birmingham discussed in the above passage?	The British Bull Dog was a popular type of solid-frame pocket revolver introduced by Philip Webley & Son of Birmingham, England, in 1872, and subsequently copied by gunmakers in continental Europe and the United States. It featured a 2.5-inch (64 mm) barrel and was chambered for .442 Webley or .450 Adams cartridges, wi...	0.208 feet	closed_qa	### Instruction: Measured in feet, what was the length of the gun barrel produced by Philip Webley & Son of Birmingham discussed in the above passage? ### Context: The British Bull Dog was a popular type of solid-frame pocket revolver introduced by Philip Webley & Son of Birmingham, England, in 1872, and subsequently c...
Tell me about the 1999 UEFA champions league final?	The 1999 UEFA Champions League final was an association football match between Manchester United of England and Bayern Munich of Germany, played at Camp Nou in Barcelona, Spain, on 26 May 1999, to determine the winner of the 1998–99 UEFA Champions League. Injury time goals from Manchester United's Teddy Sheringham and ...	The 1999 Champions league final was won by Manchester United in dramatic fashion when they scored two goals in injury time. Teddy Sheringham and Ole Solskjaer scored late on for United after they'd conceded a goal early in the first half. The victory gave manchester United the "treble" and is considered one of the grea...	closed_qa	### Instruction: Tell me about the 1999 UEFA champions league final? ### Context: The 1999 UEFA Champions League final was an association football match between Manchester United of England and Bayern Munich of Germany, played at Camp Nou in Barcelona, Spain, on 26 May 1999, to determine the winner of the 1998–99 UEFA ...
Did Damien Chazelle direct movies or TV shows first?	Damien Sayre Chazelle (/ʃəˈzɛl/; born January 19, 1985) is a French-American film director, screenwriter and producer. He is known for directing the films Whiplash (2014), La La Land (2016), First Man (2018) and Babylon (2022). For Whiplash, he was nominated for the Academy Award for Best Adapted Screenplay. His bigge...	Damien Chazelle directed movies first. His first directed TV show was in 2020 while he has directed movies since at least 2014.	closed_qa	### Instruction: Did Damien Chazelle direct movies or TV shows first? ### Context: Damien Sayre Chazelle (/ʃəˈzɛl/; born January 19, 1985) is a French-American film director, screenwriter and producer. He is known for directing the films Whiplash (2014), La La Land (2016), First Man (2018) and Babylon (2022). For Whip...
Given the paragraph, what is the term budgie smuggler colloquially use to describe?	A swim brief or racing brief is any briefs-style male swimsuit such as those worn in competitive swimming, diving and water polo. The popularity of the Australian Speedo brand racing brief has led to the use of its name in many countries around the world to refer to any racing brief, regardless of the maker. Occasional...	In Australia, New Zealand and United Kingdom a "budgie smuggler" is used to describe a swimming brief	closed_qa	### Instruction: Given the paragraph, what is the term budgie smuggler colloquially use to describe? ### Context: A swim brief or racing brief is any briefs-style male swimsuit such as those worn in competitive swimming, diving and water polo. The popularity of the Australian Speedo brand racing brief has led to the us...
What was the The McIntosh County Seat War	The McIntosh County Seat War was a dispute in Oklahoma over the location of the McIntosh County seat that took place between 1907 and 1909. Following a pair of elections that resulted in the town of Checotah being designated as the new county seat, the people of Eufaula refused to hand over the county records. As a res...	The McIntosh County Seat War was a dispute in Oklahoma over the location of the McIntosh County seat that took place between 1907 and 1909. Following a pair of elections that resulted in the town of Checotah being designated as the new county seat, the people of Eufaula refused to hand over the county records. As a r...	closed_qa	### Instruction: What was the The McIntosh County Seat War ### Context: The McIntosh County Seat War was a dispute in Oklahoma over the location of the McIntosh County seat that took place between 1907 and 1909. Following a pair of elections that resulted in the town of Checotah being designated as the new county seat,...
What is a small-world network?	A small-world network is a mathematical graph in which most nodes are not neighbors of one another, but the neighbors of any given node are likely to be neighbors of each other. Due to this, most neighboring nodes can be reached from every other node by a small number of hops or steps. Specifically, a small-world netwo...	A small-world network is a mathematical graph in which most nodes are not neighbors of one another, but the neighbors of any given node are likely to be neighbors of each other.	closed_qa	### Instruction: What is a small-world network? ### Context: A small-world network is a mathematical graph in which most nodes are not neighbors of one another, but the neighbors of any given node are likely to be neighbors of each other. Due to this, most neighboring nodes can be reached from every other node by a sma...
here is a blurb about Meaghan Benfeito, Between which years was Benfeito actively competing in the Olympics?	Meaghan Benfeito (born March 2, 1989) is a Canadian diver. She used to compete in the 10m synchronized event with Roseline Filion before the latter retired in January 2017. Benfeito and Filion won bronze medals in the 10 m platform synchro event at the 2012 and 2016 Summer Olympics, and in the latter event Benfeito als...	Between the Olympics of 2008 and 2020, in 2022 she retired from Diving.	closed_qa	### Instruction: here is a blurb about Meaghan Benfeito, Between which years was Benfeito actively competing in the Olympics? ### Context: Meaghan Benfeito (born March 2, 1989) is a Canadian diver. She used to compete in the 10m synchronized event with Roseline Filion before the latter retired in January 2017. Benfeito...